θunit length⟨a, b⟩ = |a| |b| cos θ = a1 b1 + a2 b2 = 0.892a = (0.437, 0.870)|a|   = 0.9737b = (1.23, 0.410)|b|   = 1.292θ = 0.782cos θ = 0.709aaxaybbxbystart