/**
* Miso.Dataset - v0.4.1 - 3/13/2013
* http://github.com/misoproject/dataset
* Copyright (c) 2013 Alex Graul, Irene Ros;
* Dual Licensed: MIT, GPL
* https://github.com/misoproject/dataset/blob/master/LICENSE-MIT 
* https://github.com/misoproject/dataset/blob/master/LICENSE-GPL 
*/
// moment.js
// version : 1.7.2
// author : Tim Wood
// license : MIT
// momentjs.com

(function (undefined) {

    /************************************
        Constants
    ************************************/

    var moment,
        VERSION = "1.7.2",
        round = Math.round, i,
        // internal storage for language config files
        languages = {},
        currentLanguage = 'en',

        // check for nodeJS
        hasModule = (typeof module !== 'undefined' && module.exports),

        // Parameters to check for on the lang config.  This list of properties
        // will be inherited from English if not provided in a language
        // definition.  monthsParse is also a lang config property, but it
        // cannot be inherited and as such cannot be enumerated here.
        langConfigProperties = 'months|monthsShort|weekdays|weekdaysShort|weekdaysMin|longDateFormat|calendar|relativeTime|ordinal|meridiem'.split('|'),

        // ASP.NET json date format regex
        aspNetJsonRegex = /^\/?Date\((\-?\d+)/i,

        // format tokens
        formattingTokens = /(\[[^\[]*\])|(\\)?(Mo|MM?M?M?|Do|DDDo|DD?D?D?|ddd?d?|do?|w[o|w]?|YYYY|YY|a|A|hh?|HH?|mm?|ss?|SS?S?|zz?|ZZ?|.)/g,
        localFormattingTokens = /(\[[^\[]*\])|(\\)?(LT|LL?L?L?)/g,

        // parsing tokens
        parseMultipleFormatChunker = /([0-9a-zA-Z\u00A0-\uD7FF\uF900-\uFDCF\uFDF0-\uFFEF]+)/gi,

        // parsing token regexes
        parseTokenOneOrTwoDigits = /\d\d?/, // 0 - 99
        parseTokenOneToThreeDigits = /\d{1,3}/, // 0 - 999
        parseTokenThreeDigits = /\d{3}/, // 000 - 999
        parseTokenFourDigits = /\d{1,4}/, // 0 - 9999
        parseTokenWord = /[0-9a-z\u00A0-\uD7FF\uF900-\uFDCF\uFDF0-\uFFEF]+/i, // any word characters or numbers
        parseTokenTimezone = /Z|[\+\-]\d\d:?\d\d/i, // +00:00 -00:00 +0000 -0000 or Z
        parseTokenT = /T/i, // T (ISO seperator)

        // preliminary iso regex
        // 0000-00-00 + T + 00 or 00:00 or 00:00:00 or 00:00:00.000 + +00:00 or +0000
        isoRegex = /^\s*\d{4}-\d\d-\d\d(T(\d\d(:\d\d(:\d\d(\.\d\d?\d?)?)?)?)?([\+\-]\d\d:?\d\d)?)?/,
        isoFormat = 'YYYY-MM-DDTHH:mm:ssZ',

        // iso time formats and regexes
        isoTimes = [
            ['HH:mm:ss.S', /T\d\d:\d\d:\d\d\.\d{1,3}/],
            ['HH:mm:ss', /T\d\d:\d\d:\d\d/],
            ['HH:mm', /T\d\d:\d\d/],
            ['HH', /T\d\d/]
        ],

        // timezone chunker "+10:00" > ["10", "00"] or "-1530" > ["-15", "30"]
        parseTimezoneChunker = /([\+\-]|\d\d)/gi,

        // getter and setter names
        proxyGettersAndSetters = 'Month|Date|Hours|Minutes|Seconds|Milliseconds'.split('|'),
        unitMillisecondFactors = {
            'Milliseconds' : 1,
            'Seconds' : 1e3,
            'Minutes' : 6e4,
            'Hours' : 36e5,
            'Days' : 864e5,
            'Months' : 2592e6,
            'Years' : 31536e6
        },

        // format function strings
        formatFunctions = {},

        // tokens to ordinalize and pad
        ordinalizeTokens = 'DDD w M D d'.split(' '),
        paddedTokens = 'M D H h m s w'.split(' '),

        /*
         * moment.fn.format uses new Function() to create an inlined formatting function.
         * Results are a 3x speed boost
         * http://jsperf.com/momentjs-cached-format-functions
         *
         * These strings are appended into a function using replaceFormatTokens and makeFormatFunction
         */
        formatTokenFunctions = {
            // a = placeholder
            // b = placeholder
            // t = the current moment being formatted
            // v = getValueAtKey function
            // o = language.ordinal function
            // p = leftZeroFill function
            // m = language.meridiem value or function
            M    : function () {
                return this.month() + 1;
            },
            MMM  : function (format) {
                return getValueFromArray("monthsShort", this.month(), this, format);
            },
            MMMM : function (format) {
                return getValueFromArray("months", this.month(), this, format);
            },
            D    : function () {
                return this.date();
            },
            DDD  : function () {
                var a = new Date(this.year(), this.month(), this.date()),
                    b = new Date(this.year(), 0, 1);
                return ~~(((a - b) / 864e5) + 1.5);
            },
            d    : function () {
                return this.day();
            },
            dd   : function (format) {
                return getValueFromArray("weekdaysMin", this.day(), this, format);
            },
            ddd  : function (format) {
                return getValueFromArray("weekdaysShort", this.day(), this, format);
            },
            dddd : function (format) {
                return getValueFromArray("weekdays", this.day(), this, format);
            },
            w    : function () {
                var a = new Date(this.year(), this.month(), this.date() - this.day() + 5),
                    b = new Date(a.getFullYear(), 0, 4);
                return ~~((a - b) / 864e5 / 7 + 1.5);
            },
            YY   : function () {
                return leftZeroFill(this.year() % 100, 2);
            },
            YYYY : function () {
                return leftZeroFill(this.year(), 4);
            },
            a    : function () {
                return this.lang().meridiem(this.hours(), this.minutes(), true);
            },
            A    : function () {
                return this.lang().meridiem(this.hours(), this.minutes(), false);
            },
            H    : function () {
                return this.hours();
            },
            h    : function () {
                return this.hours() % 12 || 12;
            },
            m    : function () {
                return this.minutes();
            },
            s    : function () {
                return this.seconds();
            },
            S    : function () {
                return ~~(this.milliseconds() / 100);
            },
            SS   : function () {
                return leftZeroFill(~~(this.milliseconds() / 10), 2);
            },
            SSS  : function () {
                return leftZeroFill(this.milliseconds(), 3);
            },
            Z    : function () {
                var a = -this.zone(),
                    b = "+";
                if (a < 0) {
                    a = -a;
                    b = "-";
                }
                return b + leftZeroFill(~~(a / 60), 2) + ":" + leftZeroFill(~~a % 60, 2);
            },
            ZZ   : function () {
                var a = -this.zone(),
                    b = "+";
                if (a < 0) {
                    a = -a;
                    b = "-";
                }
                return b + leftZeroFill(~~(10 * a / 6), 4);
            }
        };

    function getValueFromArray(key, index, m, format) {
        var lang = m.lang();
        return lang[key].call ? lang[key](m, format) : lang[key][index];
    }

    function padToken(func, count) {
        return function (a) {
            return leftZeroFill(func.call(this, a), count);
        };
    }
    function ordinalizeToken(func) {
        return function (a) {
            var b = func.call(this, a);
            return b + this.lang().ordinal(b);
        };
    }

    while (ordinalizeTokens.length) {
        i = ordinalizeTokens.pop();
        formatTokenFunctions[i + 'o'] = ordinalizeToken(formatTokenFunctions[i]);
    }
    while (paddedTokens.length) {
        i = paddedTokens.pop();
        formatTokenFunctions[i + i] = padToken(formatTokenFunctions[i], 2);
    }
    formatTokenFunctions.DDDD = padToken(formatTokenFunctions.DDD, 3);


    /************************************
        Constructors
    ************************************/


    // Moment prototype object
    function Moment(date, isUTC, lang) {
        this._d = date;
        this._isUTC = !!isUTC;
        this._a = date._a || null;
        this._lang = lang || false;
    }

    // Duration Constructor
    function Duration(duration) {
        var data = this._data = {},
            years = duration.years || duration.y || 0,
            months = duration.months || duration.M || 0,
            weeks = duration.weeks || duration.w || 0,
            days = duration.days || duration.d || 0,
            hours = duration.hours || duration.h || 0,
            minutes = duration.minutes || duration.m || 0,
            seconds = duration.seconds || duration.s || 0,
            milliseconds = duration.milliseconds || duration.ms || 0;

        // representation for dateAddRemove
        this._milliseconds = milliseconds +
            seconds * 1e3 + // 1000
            minutes * 6e4 + // 1000 * 60
            hours * 36e5; // 1000 * 60 * 60
        // Because of dateAddRemove treats 24 hours as different from a
        // day when working around DST, we need to store them separately
        this._days = days +
            weeks * 7;
        // It is impossible translate months into days without knowing
        // which months you are are talking about, so we have to store
        // it separately.
        this._months = months +
            years * 12;

        // The following code bubbles up values, see the tests for
        // examples of what that means.
        data.milliseconds = milliseconds % 1000;
        seconds += absRound(milliseconds / 1000);

        data.seconds = seconds % 60;
        minutes += absRound(seconds / 60);

        data.minutes = minutes % 60;
        hours += absRound(minutes / 60);

        data.hours = hours % 24;
        days += absRound(hours / 24);

        days += weeks * 7;
        data.days = days % 30;

        months += absRound(days / 30);

        data.months = months % 12;
        years += absRound(months / 12);

        data.years = years;

        this._lang = false;
    }


    /************************************
        Helpers
    ************************************/


    function absRound(number) {
        if (number < 0) {
            return Math.ceil(number);
        } else {
            return Math.floor(number);
        }
    }

    // left zero fill a number
    // see http://jsperf.com/left-zero-filling for performance comparison
    function leftZeroFill(number, targetLength) {
        var output = number + '';
        while (output.length < targetLength) {
            output = '0' + output;
        }
        return output;
    }

    // helper function for _.addTime and _.subtractTime
    function addOrSubtractDurationFromMoment(mom, duration, isAdding) {
        var ms = duration._milliseconds,
            d = duration._days,
            M = duration._months,
            currentDate;

        if (ms) {
            mom._d.setTime(+mom + ms * isAdding);
        }
        if (d) {
            mom.date(mom.date() + d * isAdding);
        }
        if (M) {
            currentDate = mom.date();
            mom.date(1)
                .month(mom.month() + M * isAdding)
                .date(Math.min(currentDate, mom.daysInMonth()));
        }
    }

    // check if is an array
    function isArray(input) {
        return Object.prototype.toString.call(input) === '[object Array]';
    }

    // compare two arrays, return the number of differences
    function compareArrays(array1, array2) {
        var len = Math.min(array1.length, array2.length),
            lengthDiff = Math.abs(array1.length - array2.length),
            diffs = 0,
            i;
        for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
            if (~~array1[i] !== ~~array2[i]) {
                diffs++;
            }
        }
        return diffs + lengthDiff;
    }

    // convert an array to a date.
    // the array should mirror the parameters below
    // note: all values past the year are optional and will default to the lowest possible value.
    // [year, month, day , hour, minute, second, millisecond]
    function dateFromArray(input, asUTC, hoursOffset, minutesOffset) {
        var i, date, forValid = [];
        for (i = 0; i < 7; i++) {
            forValid[i] = input[i] = (input[i] == null) ? (i === 2 ? 1 : 0) : input[i];
        }
        // we store whether we used utc or not in the input array
        input[7] = forValid[7] = asUTC;
        // if the parser flagged the input as invalid, we pass the value along
        if (input[8] != null) {
            forValid[8] = input[8];
        }
        // add the offsets to the time to be parsed so that we can have a clean array
        // for checking isValid
        input[3] += hoursOffset || 0;
        input[4] += minutesOffset || 0;
        date = new Date(0);
        if (asUTC) {
            date.setUTCFullYear(input[0], input[1], input[2]);
            date.setUTCHours(input[3], input[4], input[5], input[6]);
        } else {
            date.setFullYear(input[0], input[1], input[2]);
            date.setHours(input[3], input[4], input[5], input[6]);
        }
        date._a = forValid;
        return date;
    }

    // Loads a language definition into the `languages` cache.  The function
    // takes a key and optionally values.  If not in the browser and no values
    // are provided, it will load the language file module.  As a convenience,
    // this function also returns the language values.
    function loadLang(key, values) {
        var i, m,
            parse = [];

        if (!values && hasModule) {
            values = require('./lang/' + key);
        }

        for (i = 0; i < langConfigProperties.length; i++) {
            // If a language definition does not provide a value, inherit
            // from English
            values[langConfigProperties[i]] = values[langConfigProperties[i]] ||
              languages.en[langConfigProperties[i]];
        }

        for (i = 0; i < 12; i++) {
            m = moment([2000, i]);
            parse[i] = new RegExp('^' + (values.months[i] || values.months(m, '')) +
                '|^' + (values.monthsShort[i] || values.monthsShort(m, '')).replace('.', ''), 'i');
        }
        values.monthsParse = values.monthsParse || parse;

        languages[key] = values;

        return values;
    }

    // Determines which language definition to use and returns it.
    //
    // With no parameters, it will return the global language.  If you
    // pass in a language key, such as 'en', it will return the
    // definition for 'en', so long as 'en' has already been loaded using
    // moment.lang.  If you pass in a moment or duration instance, it
    // will decide the language based on that, or default to the global
    // language.
    function getLangDefinition(m) {
        var langKey = (typeof m === 'string') && m ||
                      m && m._lang ||
                      null;

        return langKey ? (languages[langKey] || loadLang(langKey)) : moment;
    }


    /************************************
        Formatting
    ************************************/


    function removeFormattingTokens(input) {
        if (input.match(/\[.*\]/)) {
            return input.replace(/^\[|\]$/g, "");
        }
        return input.replace(/\\/g, "");
    }

    function makeFormatFunction(format) {
        var array = format.match(formattingTokens), i, length;

        for (i = 0, length = array.length; i < length; i++) {
            if (formatTokenFunctions[array[i]]) {
                array[i] = formatTokenFunctions[array[i]];
            } else {
                array[i] = removeFormattingTokens(array[i]);
            }
        }

        return function (mom) {
            var output = "";
            for (i = 0; i < length; i++) {
                output += typeof array[i].call === 'function' ? array[i].call(mom, format) : array[i];
            }
            return output;
        };
    }

    // format date using native date object
    function formatMoment(m, format) {
        var i = 5;

        function replaceLongDateFormatTokens(input) {
            return m.lang().longDateFormat[input] || input;
        }

        while (i-- && localFormattingTokens.test(format)) {
            format = format.replace(localFormattingTokens, replaceLongDateFormatTokens);
        }

        if (!formatFunctions[format]) {
            formatFunctions[format] = makeFormatFunction(format);
        }

        return formatFunctions[format](m);
    }


    /************************************
        Parsing
    ************************************/


    // get the regex to find the next token
    function getParseRegexForToken(token) {
        switch (token) {
        case 'DDDD':
            return parseTokenThreeDigits;
        case 'YYYY':
            return parseTokenFourDigits;
        case 'S':
        case 'SS':
        case 'SSS':
        case 'DDD':
            return parseTokenOneToThreeDigits;
        case 'MMM':
        case 'MMMM':
        case 'dd':
        case 'ddd':
        case 'dddd':
        case 'a':
        case 'A':
            return parseTokenWord;
        case 'Z':
        case 'ZZ':
            return parseTokenTimezone;
        case 'T':
            return parseTokenT;
        case 'MM':
        case 'DD':
        case 'YY':
        case 'HH':
        case 'hh':
        case 'mm':
        case 'ss':
        case 'M':
        case 'D':
        case 'd':
        case 'H':
        case 'h':
        case 'm':
        case 's':
            return parseTokenOneOrTwoDigits;
        default :
            return new RegExp(token.replace('\\', ''));
        }
    }

    // function to convert string input to date
    function addTimeToArrayFromToken(token, input, datePartArray, config) {
        var a, b;

        switch (token) {
        // MONTH
        case 'M' : // fall through to MM
        case 'MM' :
            datePartArray[1] = (input == null) ? 0 : ~~input - 1;
            break;
        case 'MMM' : // fall through to MMMM
        case 'MMMM' :
            for (a = 0; a < 12; a++) {
                if (getLangDefinition().monthsParse[a].test(input)) {
                    datePartArray[1] = a;
                    b = true;
                    break;
                }
            }
            // if we didn't find a month name, mark the date as invalid.
            if (!b) {
                datePartArray[8] = false;
            }
            break;
        // DAY OF MONTH
        case 'D' : // fall through to DDDD
        case 'DD' : // fall through to DDDD
        case 'DDD' : // fall through to DDDD
        case 'DDDD' :
            if (input != null) {
                datePartArray[2] = ~~input;
            }
            break;
        // YEAR
        case 'YY' :
            datePartArray[0] = ~~input + (~~input > 70 ? 1900 : 2000);
            break;
        case 'YYYY' :
            datePartArray[0] = ~~Math.abs(input);
            break;
        // AM / PM
        case 'a' : // fall through to A
        case 'A' :
            config.isPm = ((input + '').toLowerCase() === 'pm');
            break;
        // 24 HOUR
        case 'H' : // fall through to hh
        case 'HH' : // fall through to hh
        case 'h' : // fall through to hh
        case 'hh' :
            datePartArray[3] = ~~input;
            break;
        // MINUTE
        case 'm' : // fall through to mm
        case 'mm' :
            datePartArray[4] = ~~input;
            break;
        // SECOND
        case 's' : // fall through to ss
        case 'ss' :
            datePartArray[5] = ~~input;
            break;
        // MILLISECOND
        case 'S' :
        case 'SS' :
        case 'SSS' :
            datePartArray[6] = ~~ (('0.' + input) * 1000);
            break;
        // TIMEZONE
        case 'Z' : // fall through to ZZ
        case 'ZZ' :
            config.isUTC = true;
            a = (input + '').match(parseTimezoneChunker);
            if (a && a[1]) {
                config.tzh = ~~a[1];
            }
            if (a && a[2]) {
                config.tzm = ~~a[2];
            }
            // reverse offsets
            if (a && a[0] === '+') {
                config.tzh = -config.tzh;
                config.tzm = -config.tzm;
            }
            break;
        }

        // if the input is null, the date is not valid
        if (input == null) {
            datePartArray[8] = false;
        }
    }

    // date from string and format string
    function makeDateFromStringAndFormat(string, format) {
        // This array is used to make a Date, either with `new Date` or `Date.UTC`
        // We store some additional data on the array for validation
        // datePartArray[7] is true if the Date was created with `Date.UTC` and false if created with `new Date`
        // datePartArray[8] is false if the Date is invalid, and undefined if the validity is unknown.
        var datePartArray = [0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0],
            config = {
                tzh : 0, // timezone hour offset
                tzm : 0  // timezone minute offset
            },
            tokens = format.match(formattingTokens),
            i, parsedInput;

        for (i = 0; i < tokens.length; i++) {
            parsedInput = (getParseRegexForToken(tokens[i]).exec(string) || [])[0];
            if (parsedInput) {
                string = string.slice(string.indexOf(parsedInput) + parsedInput.length);
            }
            // don't parse if its not a known token
            if (formatTokenFunctions[tokens[i]]) {
                addTimeToArrayFromToken(tokens[i], parsedInput, datePartArray, config);
            }
        }
        // handle am pm
        if (config.isPm && datePartArray[3] < 12) {
            datePartArray[3] += 12;
        }
        // if is 12 am, change hours to 0
        if (config.isPm === false && datePartArray[3] === 12) {
            datePartArray[3] = 0;
        }
        // return
        return dateFromArray(datePartArray, config.isUTC, config.tzh, config.tzm);
    }

    // date from string and array of format strings
    function makeDateFromStringAndArray(string, formats) {
        var output,
            inputParts = string.match(parseMultipleFormatChunker) || [],
            formattedInputParts,
            scoreToBeat = 99,
            i,
            currentDate,
            currentScore;
        for (i = 0; i < formats.length; i++) {
            currentDate = makeDateFromStringAndFormat(string, formats[i]);
            formattedInputParts = formatMoment(new Moment(currentDate), formats[i]).match(parseMultipleFormatChunker) || [];
            currentScore = compareArrays(inputParts, formattedInputParts);
            if (currentScore < scoreToBeat) {
                scoreToBeat = currentScore;
                output = currentDate;
            }
        }
        return output;
    }

    // date from iso format
    function makeDateFromString(string) {
        var format = 'YYYY-MM-DDT',
            i;
        if (isoRegex.exec(string)) {
            for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
                if (isoTimes[i][1].exec(string)) {
                    format += isoTimes[i][0];
                    break;
                }
            }
            return parseTokenTimezone.exec(string) ?
                makeDateFromStringAndFormat(string, format + ' Z') :
                makeDateFromStringAndFormat(string, format);
        }
        return new Date(string);
    }


    /************************************
        Relative Time
    ************************************/


    // helper function for moment.fn.from, moment.fn.fromNow, and moment.duration.fn.humanize
    function substituteTimeAgo(string, number, withoutSuffix, isFuture, lang) {
        var rt = lang.relativeTime[string];
        return (typeof rt === 'function') ?
            rt(number || 1, !!withoutSuffix, string, isFuture) :
            rt.replace(/%d/i, number || 1);
    }

    function relativeTime(milliseconds, withoutSuffix, lang) {
        var seconds = round(Math.abs(milliseconds) / 1000),
            minutes = round(seconds / 60),
            hours = round(minutes / 60),
            days = round(hours / 24),
            years = round(days / 365),
            args = seconds < 45 && ['s', seconds] ||
                minutes === 1 && ['m'] ||
                minutes < 45 && ['mm', minutes] ||
                hours === 1 && ['h'] ||
                hours < 22 && ['hh', hours] ||
                days === 1 && ['d'] ||
                days <= 25 && ['dd', days] ||
                days <= 45 && ['M'] ||
                days < 345 && ['MM', round(days / 30)] ||
                years === 1 && ['y'] || ['yy', years];
        args[2] = withoutSuffix;
        args[3] = milliseconds > 0;
        args[4] = lang;
        return substituteTimeAgo.apply({}, args);
    }


    /************************************
        Top Level Functions
    ************************************/


    moment = function (input, format) {
        if (input === null || input === '') {
            return null;
        }
        var date,
            matched;
        // parse Moment object
        if (moment.isMoment(input)) {
            return new Moment(new Date(+input._d), input._isUTC, input._lang);
        // parse string and format
        } else if (format) {
            if (isArray(format)) {
                date = makeDateFromStringAndArray(input, format);
            } else {
                date = makeDateFromStringAndFormat(input, format);
            }
        // evaluate it as a JSON-encoded date
        } else {
            matched = aspNetJsonRegex.exec(input);
            date = input === undefined ? new Date() :
                matched ? new Date(+matched[1]) :
                input instanceof Date ? input :
                isArray(input) ? dateFromArray(input) :
                typeof input === 'string' ? makeDateFromString(input) :
                new Date(input);
        }

        return new Moment(date);
    };

    // creating with utc
    moment.utc = function (input, format) {
        if (isArray(input)) {
            return new Moment(dateFromArray(input, true), true);
        }
        // if we don't have a timezone, we need to add one to trigger parsing into utc
        if (typeof input === 'string' && !parseTokenTimezone.exec(input)) {
            input += ' +0000';
            if (format) {
                format += ' Z';
            }
        }
        return moment(input, format).utc();
    };

    // creating with unix timestamp (in seconds)
    moment.unix = function (input) {
        return moment(input * 1000);
    };

    // duration
    moment.duration = function (input, key) {
        var isDuration = moment.isDuration(input),
            isNumber = (typeof input === 'number'),
            duration = (isDuration ? input._data : (isNumber ? {} : input)),
            ret;

        if (isNumber) {
            if (key) {
                duration[key] = input;
            } else {
                duration.milliseconds = input;
            }
        }

        ret = new Duration(duration);

        if (isDuration) {
            ret._lang = input._lang;
        }

        return ret;
    };

    // humanizeDuration
    // This method is deprecated in favor of the new Duration object.  Please
    // see the moment.duration method.
    moment.humanizeDuration = function (num, type, withSuffix) {
        return moment.duration(num, type === true ? null : type).humanize(type === true ? true : withSuffix);
    };

    // version number
    moment.version = VERSION;

    // default format
    moment.defaultFormat = isoFormat;

    // This function will load languages and then set the global language.  If
    // no arguments are passed in, it will simply return the current global
    // language key.
    moment.lang = function (key, values) {
        var i;

        if (!key) {
            return currentLanguage;
        }
        if (values || !languages[key]) {
            loadLang(key, values);
        }
        if (languages[key]) {
            // deprecated, to get the language definition variables, use the
            // moment.fn.lang method or the getLangDefinition function.
            for (i = 0; i < langConfigProperties.length; i++) {
                moment[langConfigProperties[i]] = languages[key][langConfigProperties[i]];
            }
            moment.monthsParse = languages[key].monthsParse;
            currentLanguage = key;
        }
    };

    // returns language data
    moment.langData = getLangDefinition;

    // compare moment object
    moment.isMoment = function (obj) {
        return obj instanceof Moment;
    };

    // for typechecking Duration objects
    moment.isDuration = function (obj) {
        return obj instanceof Duration;
    };

    // Set default language, other languages will inherit from English.
    moment.lang('en', {
        months : "January_February_March_April_May_June_July_August_September_October_November_December".split("_"),
        monthsShort : "Jan_Feb_Mar_Apr_May_Jun_Jul_Aug_Sep_Oct_Nov_Dec".split("_"),
        weekdays : "Sunday_Monday_Tuesday_Wednesday_Thursday_Friday_Saturday".split("_"),
        weekdaysShort : "Sun_Mon_Tue_Wed_Thu_Fri_Sat".split("_"),
        weekdaysMin : "Su_Mo_Tu_We_Th_Fr_Sa".split("_"),
        longDateFormat : {
            LT : "h:mm A",
            L : "MM/DD/YYYY",
            LL : "MMMM D YYYY",
            LLL : "MMMM D YYYY LT",
            LLLL : "dddd, MMMM D YYYY LT"
        },
        meridiem : function (hours, minutes, isLower) {
            if (hours > 11) {
                return isLower ? 'pm' : 'PM';
            } else {
                return isLower ? 'am' : 'AM';
            }
        },
        calendar : {
            sameDay : '[Today at] LT',
            nextDay : '[Tomorrow at] LT',
            nextWeek : 'dddd [at] LT',
            lastDay : '[Yesterday at] LT',
            lastWeek : '[last] dddd [at] LT',
            sameElse : 'L'
        },
        relativeTime : {
            future : "in %s",
            past : "%s ago",
            s : "a few seconds",
            m : "a minute",
            mm : "%d minutes",
            h : "an hour",
            hh : "%d hours",
            d : "a day",
            dd : "%d days",
            M : "a month",
            MM : "%d months",
            y : "a year",
            yy : "%d years"
        },
        ordinal : function (number) {
            var b = number % 10;
            return (~~ (number % 100 / 10) === 1) ? 'th' :
                (b === 1) ? 'st' :
                (b === 2) ? 'nd' :
                (b === 3) ? 'rd' : 'th';
        }
    });


    /************************************
        Moment Prototype
    ************************************/


    moment.fn = Moment.prototype = {

        clone : function () {
            return moment(this);
        },

        valueOf : function () {
            return +this._d;
        },

        unix : function () {
            return Math.floor(+this._d / 1000);
        },

        toString : function () {
            return this._d.toString();
        },

        toDate : function () {
            return this._d;
        },

        toArray : function () {
            var m = this;
            return [
                m.year(),
                m.month(),
                m.date(),
                m.hours(),
                m.minutes(),
                m.seconds(),
                m.milliseconds(),
                !!this._isUTC
            ];
        },

        isValid : function () {
            if (this._a) {
                // if the parser finds that the input is invalid, it sets
                // the eighth item in the input array to false.
                if (this._a[8] != null) {
                    return !!this._a[8];
                }
                return !compareArrays(this._a, (this._a[7] ? moment.utc(this._a) : moment(this._a)).toArray());
            }
            return !isNaN(this._d.getTime());
        },

        utc : function () {
            this._isUTC = true;
            return this;
        },

        local : function () {
            this._isUTC = false;
            return this;
        },

        format : function (inputString) {
            return formatMoment(this, inputString ? inputString : moment.defaultFormat);
        },

        add : function (input, val) {
            var dur = val ? moment.duration(+val, input) : moment.duration(input);
            addOrSubtractDurationFromMoment(this, dur, 1);
            return this;
        },

        subtract : function (input, val) {
            var dur = val ? moment.duration(+val, input) : moment.duration(input);
            addOrSubtractDurationFromMoment(this, dur, -1);
            return this;
        },

        diff : function (input, val, asFloat) {
            var inputMoment = this._isUTC ? moment(input).utc() : moment(input).local(),
                zoneDiff = (this.zone() - inputMoment.zone()) * 6e4,
                diff = this._d - inputMoment._d - zoneDiff,
                year = this.year() - inputMoment.year(),
                month = this.month() - inputMoment.month(),
                date = this.date() - inputMoment.date(),
                output;
            if (val === 'months') {
                output = year * 12 + month + date / 30;
            } else if (val === 'years') {
                output = year + (month + date / 30) / 12;
            } else {
                output = val === 'seconds' ? diff / 1e3 : // 1000
                    val === 'minutes' ? diff / 6e4 : // 1000 * 60
                    val === 'hours' ? diff / 36e5 : // 1000 * 60 * 60
                    val === 'days' ? diff / 864e5 : // 1000 * 60 * 60 * 24
                    val === 'weeks' ? diff / 6048e5 : // 1000 * 60 * 60 * 24 * 7
                    diff;
            }
            return asFloat ? output : round(output);
        },

        from : function (time, withoutSuffix) {
            return moment.duration(this.diff(time)).lang(this._lang).humanize(!withoutSuffix);
        },

        fromNow : function (withoutSuffix) {
            return this.from(moment(), withoutSuffix);
        },

        calendar : function () {
            var diff = this.diff(moment().sod(), 'days', true),
                calendar = this.lang().calendar,
                allElse = calendar.sameElse,
                format = diff < -6 ? allElse :
                diff < -1 ? calendar.lastWeek :
                diff < 0 ? calendar.lastDay :
                diff < 1 ? calendar.sameDay :
                diff < 2 ? calendar.nextDay :
                diff < 7 ? calendar.nextWeek : allElse;
            return this.format(typeof format === 'function' ? format.apply(this) : format);
        },

        isLeapYear : function () {
            var year = this.year();
            return (year % 4 === 0 && year % 100 !== 0) || year % 400 === 0;
        },

        isDST : function () {
            return (this.zone() < moment([this.year()]).zone() ||
                this.zone() < moment([this.year(), 5]).zone());
        },

        day : function (input) {
            var day = this._isUTC ? this._d.getUTCDay() : this._d.getDay();
            return input == null ? day :
                this.add({ d : input - day });
        },

        startOf: function (val) {
            // the following switch intentionally omits break keywords
            // to utilize falling through the cases.
            switch (val.replace(/s$/, '')) {
            case 'year':
                this.month(0);
                /* falls through */
            case 'month':
                this.date(1);
                /* falls through */
            case 'day':
                this.hours(0);
                /* falls through */
            case 'hour':
                this.minutes(0);
                /* falls through */
            case 'minute':
                this.seconds(0);
                /* falls through */
            case 'second':
                this.milliseconds(0);
                /* falls through */
            }
            return this;
        },

        endOf: function (val) {
            return this.startOf(val).add(val.replace(/s?$/, 's'), 1).subtract('ms', 1);
        },

        sod: function () {
            return this.clone().startOf('day');
        },

        eod: function () {
            // end of day = start of day plus 1 day, minus 1 millisecond
            return this.clone().endOf('day');
        },

        zone : function () {
            return this._isUTC ? 0 : this._d.getTimezoneOffset();
        },

        daysInMonth : function () {
            return moment.utc([this.year(), this.month() + 1, 0]).date();
        },

        // If passed a language key, it will set the language for this
        // instance.  Otherwise, it will return the language configuration
        // variables for this instance.
        lang : function (lang) {
            if (lang === undefined) {
                return getLangDefinition(this);
            } else {
                this._lang = lang;
                return this;
            }
        }
    };

    // helper for adding shortcuts
    function makeGetterAndSetter(name, key) {
        moment.fn[name] = function (input) {
            var utc = this._isUTC ? 'UTC' : '';
            if (input != null) {
                this._d['set' + utc + key](input);
                return this;
            } else {
                return this._d['get' + utc + key]();
            }
        };
    }

    // loop through and add shortcuts (Month, Date, Hours, Minutes, Seconds, Milliseconds)
    for (i = 0; i < proxyGettersAndSetters.length; i ++) {
        makeGetterAndSetter(proxyGettersAndSetters[i].toLowerCase(), proxyGettersAndSetters[i]);
    }

    // add shortcut for year (uses different syntax than the getter/setter 'year' == 'FullYear')
    makeGetterAndSetter('year', 'FullYear');


    /************************************
        Duration Prototype
    ************************************/


    moment.duration.fn = Duration.prototype = {
        weeks : function () {
            return absRound(this.days() / 7);
        },

        valueOf : function () {
            return this._milliseconds +
              this._days * 864e5 +
              this._months * 2592e6;
        },

        humanize : function (withSuffix) {
            var difference = +this,
                rel = this.lang().relativeTime,
                output = relativeTime(difference, !withSuffix, this.lang()),
                fromNow = difference <= 0 ? rel.past : rel.future;

            if (withSuffix) {
                if (typeof fromNow === 'function') {
                    output = fromNow(output);
                } else {
                    output = fromNow.replace(/%s/i, output);
                }
            }

            return output;
        },

        lang : moment.fn.lang
    };

    function makeDurationGetter(name) {
        moment.duration.fn[name] = function () {
            return this._data[name];
        };
    }

    function makeDurationAsGetter(name, factor) {
        moment.duration.fn['as' + name] = function () {
            return +this / factor;
        };
    }

    for (i in unitMillisecondFactors) {
        if (unitMillisecondFactors.hasOwnProperty(i)) {
            makeDurationAsGetter(i, unitMillisecondFactors[i]);
            makeDurationGetter(i.toLowerCase());
        }
    }

    makeDurationAsGetter('Weeks', 6048e5);


    /************************************
        Exposing Moment
    ************************************/


    // CommonJS module is defined
    if (hasModule) {
        module.exports = moment;
    }
    /*global ender:false */
    if (typeof ender === 'undefined') {
        // here, `this` means `window` in the browser, or `global` on the server
        // add `moment` as a global object via a string identifier,
        // for Closure Compiler "advanced" mode
        this['moment'] = moment;
    }
    /*global define:false */
    if (typeof define === "function" && define.amd) {
        define("moment", [], function () {
            return moment;
        });
    }
}).call(this);
/*!
 * Lo-Dash v0.9.0 <http://lodash.com>
 * (c) 2012 John-David Dalton <http://allyoucanleet.com/>
 * Based on Underscore.js 1.4.2 <http://underscorejs.org>
 * (c) 2009-2012 Jeremy Ashkenas, DocumentCloud Inc.
 * Available under MIT license <http://lodash.com/license>
 */
;(function(window, undefined) {

  /** Detect free variable `exports` */
  var freeExports = typeof exports == 'object' && exports;

  /** Detect free variable `global` and use it as `window` */
  var freeGlobal = typeof global == 'object' && global;
  if (freeGlobal.global === freeGlobal) {
    window = freeGlobal;
  }

  /** Used for array and object method references */
  var arrayRef = [],
      objectRef = {};

  /** Used to generate unique IDs */
  var idCounter = 0;

  /** Used internally to indicate various things */
  var indicatorObject = {};

  /** Used by `cachedContains` as the default size when optimizations are enabled for large arrays */
  var largeArraySize = 30;

  /** Used to restore the original `_` reference in `noConflict` */
  var oldDash = window._;

  /** Used to detect delimiter values that should be processed by `tokenizeEvaluate` */
  var reComplexDelimiter = /[-?+=!~*%&^<>|{(\/]|\[\D|\b(?:delete|in|instanceof|new|typeof|void)\b/;

  /** Used to match HTML entities */
  var reEscapedHtml = /&(?:amp|lt|gt|quot|#x27);/g;

  /** Used to match empty string literals in compiled template source */
  var reEmptyStringLeading = /\b__p \+= '';/g,
      reEmptyStringMiddle = /\b(__p \+=) '' \+/g,
      reEmptyStringTrailing = /(__e\(.*?\)|\b__t\)) \+\n'';/g;

  /** Used to match regexp flags from their coerced string values */
  var reFlags = /\w*$/;

  /** Used to insert the data object variable into compiled template source */
  var reInsertVariable = /(?:__e|__t = )\(\s*(?![\d\s"']|this\.)/g;

  /** Used to detect if a method is native */
  var reNative = RegExp('^' +
    (objectRef.valueOf + '')
      .replace(/[.*+?^=!:${}()|[\]\/\\]/g, '\\$&')
      .replace(/valueOf|for [^\]]+/g, '.+?') + '$'
  );

  /** Used to ensure capturing order and avoid matches for undefined delimiters */
  var reNoMatch = /($^)/;

  /** Used to match HTML characters */
  var reUnescapedHtml = /[&<>"']/g;

  /** Used to match unescaped characters in compiled string literals */
  var reUnescapedString = /['\n\r\t\u2028\u2029\\]/g;

  /** Used to fix the JScript [[DontEnum]] bug */
  var shadowed = [
    'constructor', 'hasOwnProperty', 'isPrototypeOf', 'propertyIsEnumerable',
    'toLocaleString', 'toString', 'valueOf'
  ];

  /** Used to make template sourceURLs easier to identify */
  var templateCounter = 0;

  /** Native method shortcuts */
  var ceil = Math.ceil,
      concat = arrayRef.concat,
      floor = Math.floor,
      getPrototypeOf = reNative.test(getPrototypeOf = Object.getPrototypeOf) && getPrototypeOf,
      hasOwnProperty = objectRef.hasOwnProperty,
      push = arrayRef.push,
      propertyIsEnumerable = objectRef.propertyIsEnumerable,
      slice = arrayRef.slice,
      toString = objectRef.toString;

  /* Native method shortcuts for methods with the same name as other `lodash` methods */
  var nativeBind = reNative.test(nativeBind = slice.bind) && nativeBind,
      nativeIsArray = reNative.test(nativeIsArray = Array.isArray) && nativeIsArray,
      nativeIsFinite = window.isFinite,
      nativeKeys = reNative.test(nativeKeys = Object.keys) && nativeKeys,
      nativeMax = Math.max,
      nativeMin = Math.min,
      nativeRandom = Math.random;

  /** `Object#toString` result shortcuts */
  var argsClass = '[object Arguments]',
      arrayClass = '[object Array]',
      boolClass = '[object Boolean]',
      dateClass = '[object Date]',
      funcClass = '[object Function]',
      numberClass = '[object Number]',
      objectClass = '[object Object]',
      regexpClass = '[object RegExp]',
      stringClass = '[object String]';

  /**
   * Detect the JScript [[DontEnum]] bug:
   *
   * In IE < 9 an objects own properties, shadowing non-enumerable ones, are
   * made non-enumerable as well.
   */
  var hasDontEnumBug;

  /** Detect if own properties are iterated after inherited properties (IE < 9) */
  var iteratesOwnLast;

  /**
   * Detect if `Array#shift` and `Array#splice` augment array-like objects
   * incorrectly:
   *
   * Firefox < 10, IE compatibility mode, and IE < 9 have buggy Array `shift()`
   * and `splice()` functions that fail to remove the last element, `value[0]`,
   * of array-like objects even though the `length` property is set to `0`.
   * The `shift()` method is buggy in IE 8 compatibility mode, while `splice()`
   * is buggy regardless of mode in IE < 9 and buggy in compatibility mode in IE 9.
   */
  var hasObjectSpliceBug = (hasObjectSpliceBug = { '0': 1, 'length': 1 },
    arrayRef.splice.call(hasObjectSpliceBug, 0, 1), hasObjectSpliceBug[0]);

  /** Detect if an `arguments` object's indexes are non-enumerable (IE < 9) */
  var noArgsEnum = true;

  (function() {
    var props = [];
    function ctor() { this.x = 1; }
    ctor.prototype = { 'valueOf': 1, 'y': 1 };
    for (var prop in new ctor) { props.push(prop); }
    for (prop in arguments) { noArgsEnum = !prop; }

    hasDontEnumBug = !/valueOf/.test(props);
    iteratesOwnLast = props[0] != 'x';
  }(1));

  /** Detect if an `arguments` object's [[Class]] is unresolvable (Firefox < 4, IE < 9) */
  var noArgsClass = !isArguments(arguments);

  /** Detect if `Array#slice` cannot be used to convert strings to arrays (Opera < 10.52) */
  var noArraySliceOnStrings = slice.call('x')[0] != 'x';

  /**
   * Detect lack of support for accessing string characters by index:
   *
   * IE < 8 can't access characters by index and IE 8 can only access
   * characters by index on string literals.
   */
  var noCharByIndex = ('x'[0] + Object('x')[0]) != 'xx';

  /**
   * Detect if a node's [[Class]] is unresolvable (IE < 9)
   * and that the JS engine won't error when attempting to coerce an object to
   * a string without a `toString` property value of `typeof` "function".
   */
  try {
    var noNodeClass = ({ 'toString': 0 } + '', toString.call(window.document || 0) == objectClass);
  } catch(e) { }

  /* Detect if `Function#bind` exists and is inferred to be fast (all but V8) */
  var isBindFast = nativeBind && /\n|Opera/.test(nativeBind + toString.call(window.opera));

  /* Detect if `Object.keys` exists and is inferred to be fast (IE, Opera, V8) */
  var isKeysFast = nativeKeys && /^.+$|true/.test(nativeKeys + !!window.attachEvent);

  /**
   * Detect if sourceURL syntax is usable without erroring:
   *
   * The JS engine in Adobe products, like InDesign, will throw a syntax error
   * when it encounters a single line comment beginning with the `@` symbol.
   *
   * The JS engine in Narwhal will generate the function `function anonymous(){//}`
   * and throw a syntax error.
   *
   * Avoid comments beginning `@` symbols in IE because they are part of its
   * non-standard conditional compilation support.
   * http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/121hztk3(v=vs.94).aspx
   */
  try {
    var useSourceURL = (Function('//@')(), !window.attachEvent);
  } catch(e) { }

  /** Used to identify object classifications that `_.clone` supports */
  var cloneableClasses = {};
  cloneableClasses[argsClass] = cloneableClasses[funcClass] = false;
  cloneableClasses[arrayClass] = cloneableClasses[boolClass] = cloneableClasses[dateClass] =
  cloneableClasses[numberClass] = cloneableClasses[objectClass] = cloneableClasses[regexpClass] =
  cloneableClasses[stringClass] = true;

  /** Used to determine if values are of the language type Object */
  var objectTypes = {
    'boolean': false,
    'function': true,
    'object': true,
    'number': false,
    'string': false,
    'undefined': false
  };

  /** Used to escape characters for inclusion in compiled string literals */
  var stringEscapes = {
    '\\': '\\',
    "'": "'",
    '\n': 'n',
    '\r': 'r',
    '\t': 't',
    '\u2028': 'u2028',
    '\u2029': 'u2029'
  };

  /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

  /**
   * The `lodash` function.
   *
   * @name _
   * @constructor
   * @category Chaining
   * @param {Mixed} value The value to wrap in a `lodash` instance.
   * @returns {Object} Returns a `lodash` instance.
   */
  function lodash(value) {
    // exit early if already wrapped
    if (value && value.__wrapped__) {
      return value;
    }
    // allow invoking `lodash` without the `new` operator
    if (!(this instanceof lodash)) {
      return new lodash(value);
    }
    this.__wrapped__ = value;
  }

  /**
   * By default, the template delimiters used by Lo-Dash are similar to those in
   * embedded Ruby (ERB). Change the following template settings to use alternative
   * delimiters.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @type Object
   */
  lodash.templateSettings = {

    /**
     * Used to detect `data` property values to be HTML-escaped.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _.templateSettings
     * @type RegExp
     */
    'escape': /<%-([\s\S]+?)%>/g,

    /**
     * Used to detect code to be evaluated.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _.templateSettings
     * @type RegExp
     */
    'evaluate': /<%([\s\S]+?)%>/g,

    /**
     * Used to detect `data` property values to inject.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _.templateSettings
     * @type RegExp
     */
    'interpolate': /<%=([\s\S]+?)%>/g,

    /**
     * Used to reference the data object in the template text.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _.templateSettings
     * @type String
     */
    'variable': ''
  };

  /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

  /**
   * The template used to create iterator functions.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Obect} data The data object used to populate the text.
   * @returns {String} Returns the interpolated text.
   */
  var iteratorTemplate = template(
    // conditional strict mode
    '<% if (obj.useStrict) { %>\'use strict\';\n<% } %>' +

    // the `iteratee` may be reassigned by the `top` snippet
    'var index, value, iteratee = <%= firstArg %>, ' +
    // assign the `result` variable an initial value
    'result = <%= firstArg %>;\n' +
    // exit early if the first argument is falsey
    'if (!<%= firstArg %>) return result;\n' +
    // add code before the iteration branches
    '<%= top %>;\n' +

    // array-like iteration:
    '<% if (arrayLoop) { %>' +
    'var length = iteratee.length; index = -1;\n' +
    'if (typeof length == \'number\') {' +

    // add support for accessing string characters by index if needed
    '  <% if (noCharByIndex) { %>\n' +
    '  if (toString.call(iteratee) == stringClass) {\n' +
    '    iteratee = iteratee.split(\'\')\n' +
    '  }' +
    '  <% } %>\n' +

    // iterate over the array-like value
    '  while (++index < length) {\n' +
    '    value = iteratee[index];\n' +
    '    <%= arrayLoop %>\n' +
    '  }\n' +
    '}\n' +
    'else {' +

    // object iteration:
    // add support for iterating over `arguments` objects if needed
    '  <%  } else if (noArgsEnum) { %>\n' +
    '  var length = iteratee.length; index = -1;\n' +
    '  if (length && isArguments(iteratee)) {\n' +
    '    while (++index < length) {\n' +
    '      value = iteratee[index += \'\'];\n' +
    '      <%= objectLoop %>\n' +
    '    }\n' +
    '  } else {' +
    '  <% } %>' +

    // Firefox < 3.6, Opera > 9.50 - Opera < 11.60, and Safari < 5.1
    // (if the prototype or a property on the prototype has been set)
    // incorrectly sets a function's `prototype` property [[Enumerable]]
    // value to `true`. Because of this Lo-Dash standardizes on skipping
    // the the `prototype` property of functions regardless of its
    // [[Enumerable]] value.
    '  <% if (!hasDontEnumBug) { %>\n' +
    '  var skipProto = typeof iteratee == \'function\' && \n' +
    '    propertyIsEnumerable.call(iteratee, \'prototype\');\n' +
    '  <% } %>' +

    // iterate own properties using `Object.keys` if it's fast
    '  <% if (isKeysFast && useHas) { %>\n' +
    '  var ownIndex = -1,\n' +
    '      ownProps = objectTypes[typeof iteratee] ? nativeKeys(iteratee) : [],\n' +
    '      length = ownProps.length;\n\n' +
    '  while (++ownIndex < length) {\n' +
    '    index = ownProps[ownIndex];\n' +
    '    <% if (!hasDontEnumBug) { %>if (!(skipProto && index == \'prototype\')) {\n  <% } %>' +
    '    value = iteratee[index];\n' +
    '    <%= objectLoop %>\n' +
    '    <% if (!hasDontEnumBug) { %>}\n<% } %>' +
    '  }' +

    // else using a for-in loop
    '  <% } else { %>\n' +
    '  for (index in iteratee) {<%' +
    '    if (!hasDontEnumBug || useHas) { %>\n    if (<%' +
    '      if (!hasDontEnumBug) { %>!(skipProto && index == \'prototype\')<% }' +
    '      if (!hasDontEnumBug && useHas) { %> && <% }' +
    '      if (useHas) { %>hasOwnProperty.call(iteratee, index)<% }' +
    '    %>) {' +
    '    <% } %>\n' +
    '    value = iteratee[index];\n' +
    '    <%= objectLoop %>;' +
    '    <% if (!hasDontEnumBug || useHas) { %>\n    }<% } %>\n' +
    '  }' +
    '  <% } %>' +

    // Because IE < 9 can't set the `[[Enumerable]]` attribute of an
    // existing property and the `constructor` property of a prototype
    // defaults to non-enumerable, Lo-Dash skips the `constructor`
    // property when it infers it's iterating over a `prototype` object.
    '  <% if (hasDontEnumBug) { %>\n\n' +
    '  var ctor = iteratee.constructor;\n' +
    '    <% for (var k = 0; k < 7; k++) { %>\n' +
    '  index = \'<%= shadowed[k] %>\';\n' +
    '  if (<%' +
    '      if (shadowed[k] == \'constructor\') {' +
    '        %>!(ctor && ctor.prototype === iteratee) && <%' +
    '      } %>hasOwnProperty.call(iteratee, index)) {\n' +
    '    value = iteratee[index];\n' +
    '    <%= objectLoop %>\n' +
    '  }' +
    '    <% } %>' +
    '  <% } %>' +
    '  <% if (arrayLoop || noArgsEnum) { %>\n}<% } %>\n' +

    // add code to the bottom of the iteration function
    '<%= bottom %>;\n' +
    // finally, return the `result`
    'return result'
  );

  /**
   * Reusable iterator options shared by `forEach`, `forIn`, and `forOwn`.
   */
  var forEachIteratorOptions = {
    'args': 'collection, callback, thisArg',
    'top': 'callback = createCallback(callback, thisArg)',
    'arrayLoop': 'if (callback(value, index, collection) === false) return result',
    'objectLoop': 'if (callback(value, index, collection) === false) return result'
  };

  /** Reusable iterator options for `defaults`, and `extend` */
  var extendIteratorOptions = {
    'useHas': false,
    'args': 'object',
    'top':
      'for (var argsIndex = 1, argsLength = arguments.length; argsIndex < argsLength; argsIndex++) {\n' +
      '  if (iteratee = arguments[argsIndex]) {',
    'objectLoop': 'result[index] = value',
    'bottom': '  }\n}'
  };

  /** Reusable iterator options for `forIn` and `forOwn` */
  var forOwnIteratorOptions = {
    'arrayLoop': null
  };

  /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

  /**
   * Creates a function optimized for searching large arrays for a given `value`,
   * starting at `fromIndex`, using strict equality for comparisons, i.e. `===`.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Array} array The array to search.
   * @param {Mixed} value The value to search for.
   * @param {Number} [fromIndex=0] The index to start searching from.
   * @param {Number} [largeSize=30] The length at which an array is considered large.
   * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is found, else `false`.
   */
  function cachedContains(array, fromIndex, largeSize) {
    fromIndex || (fromIndex = 0);

    var length = array.length,
        isLarge = (length - fromIndex) >= (largeSize || largeArraySize),
        cache = isLarge ? {} : array;

    if (isLarge) {
      // init value cache
      var index = fromIndex - 1;
      while (++index < length) {
        // manually coerce `value` to string because `hasOwnProperty`, in some
        // older versions of Firefox, coerces objects incorrectly
        var key = array[index] + '';
        (hasOwnProperty.call(cache, key) ? cache[key] : (cache[key] = [])).push(array[index]);
      }
    }
    return function(value) {
      if (isLarge) {
        var key = value + '';
        return hasOwnProperty.call(cache, key) && indexOf(cache[key], value) > -1;
      }
      return indexOf(cache, value, fromIndex) > -1;
    }
  }

  /**
   * Used by `sortBy` to compare transformed `collection` values, stable sorting
   * them in ascending order.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} a The object to compare to `b`.
   * @param {Object} b The object to compare to `a`.
   * @returns {Number} Returns the sort order indicator of `1` or `-1`.
   */
  function compareAscending(a, b) {
    var ai = a.index,
        bi = b.index;

    a = a.criteria;
    b = b.criteria;

    // ensure a stable sort in V8 and other engines
    // http://code.google.com/p/v8/issues/detail?id=90
    if (a !== b) {
      if (a > b || a === undefined) {
        return 1;
      }
      if (a < b || b === undefined) {
        return -1;
      }
    }
    return ai < bi ? -1 : 1;
  }

  /**
   * Creates a function that, when called, invokes `func` with the `this`
   * binding of `thisArg` and prepends any `partailArgs` to the arguments passed
   * to the bound function.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Function|String} func The function to bind or the method name.
   * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `func`.
   * @param {Array} partialArgs An array of arguments to be partially applied.
   * @returns {Function} Returns the new bound function.
   */
  function createBound(func, thisArg, partialArgs) {
    var isFunc = isFunction(func),
        isPartial = !partialArgs,
        methodName = func;

    // juggle arguments
    if (isPartial) {
      partialArgs = thisArg;
    }

    function bound() {
      // `Function#bind` spec
      // http://es5.github.com/#x15.3.4.5
      var args = arguments,
          thisBinding = isPartial ? this : thisArg;

      if (!isFunc) {
        func = thisArg[methodName];
      }
      if (partialArgs.length) {
        args = args.length
          ? partialArgs.concat(slice.call(args))
          : partialArgs;
      }
      if (this instanceof bound) {
        // get `func` instance if `bound` is invoked in a `new` expression
        noop.prototype = func.prototype;
        thisBinding = new noop;

        // mimic the constructor's `return` behavior
        // http://es5.github.com/#x13.2.2
        var result = func.apply(thisBinding, args);
        return result && objectTypes[typeof result]
          ? result
          : thisBinding
      }
      return func.apply(thisBinding, args);
    }
    return bound;
  }

  /**
   * Produces an iteration callback bound to an optional `thisArg`. If `func` is
   * a property name, the callback will return the property value for a given element.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Function|String} [func=identity|property] The function called per
   * iteration or property name to query.
   * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
   * @returns {Function} Returns a callback function.
   */
  function createCallback(func, thisArg) {
    if (!func) {
      return identity;
    }
    if (typeof func != 'function') {
      return function(object) {
        return object[func];
      };
    }
    if (thisArg !== undefined) {
      return function(value, index, object) {
        return func.call(thisArg, value, index, object);
      };
    }
    return func;
  }

  /**
   * Creates compiled iteration functions.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} [options1, options2, ...] The compile options object(s).
   *  useHas - A boolean to specify using `hasOwnProperty` checks in the object loop.
   *  args - A string of comma separated arguments the iteration function will accept.
   *  top - A string of code to execute before the iteration branches.
   *  arrayLoop - A string of code to execute in the array loop.
   *  objectLoop - A string of code to execute in the object loop.
   *  bottom - A string of code to execute after the iteration branches.
   *
   * @returns {Function} Returns the compiled function.
   */
  function createIterator() {
    var data = {
      'arrayLoop': '',
      'bottom': '',
      'hasDontEnumBug': hasDontEnumBug,
      'isKeysFast': isKeysFast,
      'objectLoop': '',
      'noArgsEnum': noArgsEnum,
      'noCharByIndex': noCharByIndex,
      'shadowed': shadowed,
      'top': '',
      'useHas': true
    };

    // merge options into a template data object
    for (var object, index = 0; object = arguments[index]; index++) {
      for (var key in object) {
        data[key] = object[key];
      }
    }
    var args = data.args;
    data.firstArg = /^[^,]+/.exec(args)[0];

    // create the function factory
    var factory = Function(
        'createCallback, hasOwnProperty, isArguments, objectTypes, nativeKeys, ' +
        'propertyIsEnumerable, stringClass, toString',
      'return function(' + args + ') {\n' + iteratorTemplate(data) + '\n}'
    );
    // return the compiled function
    return factory(
      createCallback, hasOwnProperty, isArguments, objectTypes, nativeKeys,
      propertyIsEnumerable, stringClass, toString
    );
  }

  /**
   * Used by `template` to escape characters for inclusion in compiled
   * string literals.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {String} match The matched character to escape.
   * @returns {String} Returns the escaped character.
   */
  function escapeStringChar(match) {
    return '\\' + stringEscapes[match];
  }

  /**
   * Used by `escape` to convert characters to HTML entities.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {String} match The matched character to escape.
   * @returns {String} Returns the escaped character.
   */
  function escapeHtmlChar(match) {
    return htmlEscapes[match];
  }

  /**
   * A no-operation function.
   *
   * @private
   */
  function noop() {
    // no operation performed
  }

  /**
   * Used by `unescape` to convert HTML entities to characters.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {String} match The matched character to unescape.
   * @returns {String} Returns the unescaped character.
   */
  function unescapeHtmlChar(match) {
    return htmlUnescapes[match];
  }

  /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

  /**
   * Checks if `value` is an `arguments` object.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Objects
   * @param {Mixed} value The value to check.
   * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is an `arguments` object, else `false`.
   * @example
   *
   * (function() { return _.isArguments(arguments); })(1, 2, 3);
   * // => true
   *
   * _.isArguments([1, 2, 3]);
   * // => false
   */
  function isArguments(value) {
    return toString.call(value) == argsClass;
  }
  // fallback for browsers that can't detect `arguments` objects by [[Class]]
  if (noArgsClass) {
    isArguments = function(value) {
      return value ? hasOwnProperty.call(value, 'callee') : false;
    };
  }

  /**
   * Iterates over `object`'s own and inherited enumerable properties, executing
   * the `callback` for each property. The `callback` is bound to `thisArg` and
   * invoked with three arguments; (value, key, object). Callbacks may exit iteration
   * early by explicitly returning `false`.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Objects
   * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.
   * @param {Function} callback The function called per iteration.
   * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
   * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
   * @example
   *
   * function Dog(name) {
   *   this.name = name;
   * }
   *
   * Dog.prototype.bark = function() {
   *   alert('Woof, woof!');
   * };
   *
   * _.forIn(new Dog('Dagny'), function(value, key) {
   *   alert(key);
   * });
   * // => alerts 'name' and 'bark' (order is not guaranteed)
   */
  var forIn = createIterator(forEachIteratorOptions, forOwnIteratorOptions, {
    'useHas': false
  });

  /**
   * Iterates over `object`'s own enumerable properties, executing the `callback`
   * for each property. The `callback` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three
   * arguments; (value, key, object). Callbacks may exit iteration early by explicitly
   * returning `false`.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Objects
   * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.
   * @param {Function} callback The function called per iteration.
   * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
   * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
   * @example
   *
   * _.forOwn({ '0': 'zero', '1': 'one', 'length': 2 }, function(num, key) {
   *   alert(key);
   * });
   * // => alerts '0', '1', and 'length' (order is not guaranteed)
   */
  var forOwn = createIterator(forEachIteratorOptions, forOwnIteratorOptions);

  /**
   * A fallback implementation of `isPlainObject` that checks if a given `value`
   * is an object created by the `Object` constructor, assuming objects created
   * by the `Object` constructor have no inherited enumerable properties and that
   * there are no `Object.prototype` extensions.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Mixed} value The value to check.
   * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a plain object, else `false`.
   */
  function shimIsPlainObject(value) {
    // avoid non-objects and false positives for `arguments` objects
    var result = false;
    if (!(value && typeof value == 'object') || isArguments(value)) {
      return result;
    }
    // IE < 9 presents DOM nodes as `Object` objects except they have `toString`
    // methods that are `typeof` "string" and still can coerce nodes to strings.
    // Also check that the constructor is `Object` (i.e. `Object instanceof Object`)
    var ctor = value.constructor;
    if ((!noNodeClass || !(typeof value.toString != 'function' && typeof (value + '') == 'string')) &&
        (!isFunction(ctor) || ctor instanceof ctor)) {
      // IE < 9 iterates inherited properties before own properties. If the first
      // iterated property is an object's own property then there are no inherited
      // enumerable properties.
      if (iteratesOwnLast) {
        forIn(value, function(value, key, object) {
          result = !hasOwnProperty.call(object, key);
          return false;
        });
        return result === false;
      }
      // In most environments an object's own properties are iterated before
      // its inherited properties. If the last iterated property is an object's
      // own property then there are no inherited enumerable properties.
      forIn(value, function(value, key) {
        result = key;
      });
      return result === false || hasOwnProperty.call(value, result);
    }
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * A fallback implementation of `Object.keys` that produces an array of the
   * given object's own enumerable property names.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} object The object to inspect.
   * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of property names.
   */
  function shimKeys(object) {
    var result = [];
    forOwn(object, function(value, key) {
      result.push(key);
    });
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * Used to convert characters to HTML entities:
   *
   * Though the `>` character is escaped for symmetry, characters like `>` and `/`
   * don't require escaping in HTML and have no special meaning unless they're part
   * of a tag or an unquoted attribute value.
   * http://mathiasbynens.be/notes/ambiguous-ampersands (under "semi-related fun fact")
   */
  var htmlEscapes = {
    '&': '&amp;',
    '<': '&lt;',
    '>': '&gt;',
    '"': '&quot;',
    "'": '&#x27;'
  };

  /** Used to convert HTML entities to characters */
  var htmlUnescapes = invert(htmlEscapes);

  /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

  /**
   * Creates a clone of `value`. If `deep` is `true`, all nested objects will
   * also be cloned otherwise they will be assigned by reference. Functions, DOM
   * nodes, `arguments` objects, and objects created by constructors other than
   * `Object` are **not** cloned.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Objects
   * @param {Mixed} value The value to clone.
   * @param {Boolean} deep A flag to indicate a deep clone.
   * @param- {Object} [guard] Internally used to allow this method to work with
   *  others like `_.map` without using their callback `index` argument for `deep`.
   * @param- {Array} [stackA=[]] Internally used to track traversed source objects.
   * @param- {Array} [stackB=[]] Internally used to associate clones with their
   *  source counterparts.
   * @returns {Mixed} Returns the cloned `value`.
   * @example
   *
   * var stooges = [
   *   { 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 },
   *   { 'name': 'larry', 'age': 50 },
   *   { 'name': 'curly', 'age': 60 }
   * ];
   *
   * _.clone({ 'name': 'moe' });
   * // => { 'name': 'moe' }
   *
   * var shallow = _.clone(stooges);
   * shallow[0] === stooges[0];
   * // => true
   *
   * var deep = _.clone(stooges, true);
   * shallow[0] === stooges[0];
   * // => false
   */
  function clone(value, deep, guard, stackA, stackB) {
    if (value == null) {
      return value;
    }
    if (guard) {
      deep = false;
    }
    // inspect [[Class]]
    var isObj = objectTypes[typeof value];
    if (isObj) {
      // don't clone `arguments` objects, functions, or non-object Objects
      var className = toString.call(value);
      if (!cloneableClasses[className] || (noArgsClass && isArguments(value))) {
        return value;
      }
      var isArr = className == arrayClass;
      isObj = isArr || (className == objectClass ? isPlainObject(value) : isObj);
    }
    // shallow clone
    if (!isObj || !deep) {
      // don't clone functions
      return isObj
        ? (isArr ? slice.call(value) : extend({}, value))
        : value;
    }

    var ctor = value.constructor;
    switch (className) {
      case boolClass:
      case dateClass:
        return new ctor(+value);

      case numberClass:
      case stringClass:
        return new ctor(value);

      case regexpClass:
        return ctor(value.source, reFlags.exec(value));
    }
    // check for circular references and return corresponding clone
    stackA || (stackA = []);
    stackB || (stackB = []);

    var length = stackA.length;
    while (length--) {
      if (stackA[length] == value) {
        return stackB[length];
      }
    }
    // init cloned object
    var result = isArr ? ctor(value.length) : {};

    // add the source value to the stack of traversed objects
    // and associate it with its clone
    stackA.push(value);
    stackB.push(result);

    // recursively populate clone (susceptible to call stack limits)
    (isArr ? forEach : forOwn)(value, function(objValue, key) {
      result[key] = clone(objValue, deep, null, stackA, stackB);
    });

    return result;
  }

  /**
   * Assigns enumerable properties of the default object(s) to the `destination`
   * object for all `destination` properties that resolve to `null`/`undefined`.
   * Once a property is set, additional defaults of the same property will be
   * ignored.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Objects
   * @param {Object} object The destination object.
   * @param {Object} [default1, default2, ...] The default objects.
   * @returns {Object} Returns the destination object.
   * @example
   *
   * var iceCream = { 'flavor': 'chocolate' };
   * _.defaults(iceCream, { 'flavor': 'vanilla', 'sprinkles': 'rainbow' });
   * // => { 'flavor': 'chocolate', 'sprinkles': 'rainbow' }
   */
  var defaults = createIterator(extendIteratorOptions, {
    'objectLoop': 'if (result[index] == null) ' + extendIteratorOptions.objectLoop
  });

  /**
   * Assigns enumerable properties of the source object(s) to the `destination`
   * object. Subsequent sources will overwrite propery assignments of previous
   * sources.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Objects
   * @param {Object} object The destination object.
   * @param {Object} [source1, source2, ...] The source objects.
   * @returns {Object} Returns the destination object.
   * @example
   *
   * _.extend({ 'name': 'moe' }, { 'age': 40 });
   * // => { 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 }
   */
  var extend = createIterator(extendIteratorOptions);

  /**
   * Creates a sorted array of all enumerable properties, own and inherited,
   * of `object` that have function values.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @alias methods
   * @category Objects
   * @param {Object} object The object to inspect.
   * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of property names that have function values.
   * @example
   *
   * _.functions(_);
   * // => ['all', 'any', 'bind', 'bindAll', 'clone', 'compact', 'compose', ...]
   */
  function functions(object) {
    var result = [];
    forIn(object, function(value, key) {
      if (isFunction(value)) {
        result.push(key);
      }
    });
    return result.sort();
  }

  /**
   * Checks if the specified object `property` exists and is a direct property,
   * instead of an inherited property.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Objects
   * @param {Object} object The object to check.
   * @param {String} property The property to check for.
   * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true` if key is a direct property, else `false`.
   * @example
   *
   * _.has({ 'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3 }, 'b');
   * // => true
   */
  function has(object, property) {
    return object ? hasOwnProperty.call(object, property) : false;
  }

  /**
   * Creates an object composed of the inverted keys and values of the given `object`.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Objects
   * @param {Object} object The object to invert.
   * @returns {Object} Returns the created inverted object.
   * @example
   *
   *  _.invert({ 'first': 'Moe', 'second': 'Larry', 'third': 'Curly' });
   * // => { 'Moe': 'first', 'Larry': 'second', 'Curly': 'third' } (order is not guaranteed)
   */
  function invert(object) {
    var result = {};
    forOwn(object, function(value, key) {
      result[value] = key;
    });
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * Checks if `value` is an array.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Objects
   * @param {Mixed} value The value to check.
   * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is an array, else `false`.
   * @example
   *
   * (function() { return _.isArray(arguments); })();
   * // => false
   *
   * _.isArray([1, 2, 3]);
   * // => true
   */
  var isArray = nativeIsArray || function(value) {
    return toString.call(value) == arrayClass;
  };

  /**
   * Checks if `value` is a boolean (`true` or `false`) value.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Objects
   * @param {Mixed} value The value to check.
   * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is a boolean value, else `false`.
   * @example
   *
   * _.isBoolean(null);
   * // => false
   */
  function isBoolean(value) {
    return value === true || value === false || toString.call(value) == boolClass;
  }

  /**
   * Checks if `value` is a date.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Objects
   * @param {Mixed} value The value to check.
   * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is a date, else `false`.
   * @example
   *
   * _.isDate(new Date);
   * // => true
   */
  function isDate(value) {
    return toString.call(value) == dateClass;
  }

  /**
   * Checks if `value` is a DOM element.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Objects
   * @param {Mixed} value The value to check.
   * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is a DOM element, else `false`.
   * @example
   *
   * _.isElement(document.body);
   * // => true
   */
  function isElement(value) {
    return value ? value.nodeType === 1 : false;
  }

  /**
   * Checks if `value` is empty. Arrays, strings, or `arguments` objects with a
   * length of `0` and objects with no own enumerable properties are considered
   * "empty".
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Objects
   * @param {Array|Object|String} value The value to inspect.
   * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is empty, else `false`.
   * @example
   *
   * _.isEmpty([1, 2, 3]);
   * // => false
   *
   * _.isEmpty({});
   * // => true
   *
   * _.isEmpty('');
   * // => true
   */
  function isEmpty(value) {
    var result = true;
    if (!value) {
      return result;
    }
    var className = toString.call(value),
        length = value.length;

    if ((className == arrayClass || className == stringClass ||
        className == argsClass || (noArgsClass && isArguments(value))) ||
        (className == objectClass && typeof length == 'number' && isFunction(value.splice))) {
      return !length;
    }
    forOwn(value, function() {
      return (result = false);
    });
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * Performs a deep comparison between two values to determine if they are
   * equivalent to each other.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Objects
   * @param {Mixed} a The value to compare.
   * @param {Mixed} b The other value to compare.
   * @param- {Object} [stackA=[]] Internally used track traversed `a` objects.
   * @param- {Object} [stackB=[]] Internally used track traversed `b` objects.
   * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true` if the values are equvalent, else `false`.
   * @example
   *
   * var moe = { 'name': 'moe', 'luckyNumbers': [13, 27, 34] };
   * var clone = { 'name': 'moe', 'luckyNumbers': [13, 27, 34] };
   *
   * moe == clone;
   * // => false
   *
   * _.isEqual(moe, clone);
   * // => true
   */
  function isEqual(a, b, stackA, stackB) {
    // exit early for identical values
    if (a === b) {
      // treat `+0` vs. `-0` as not equal
      return a !== 0 || (1 / a == 1 / b);
    }
    // a strict comparison is necessary because `null == undefined`
    if (a == null || b == null) {
      return a === b;
    }
    // compare [[Class]] names
    var className = toString.call(a);
    if (className != toString.call(b)) {
      return false;
    }
    switch (className) {
      case boolClass:
      case dateClass:
        // coerce dates and booleans to numbers, dates to milliseconds and booleans
        // to `1` or `0`, treating invalid dates coerced to `NaN` as not equal
        return +a == +b;

      case numberClass:
        // treat `NaN` vs. `NaN` as equal
        return a != +a
          ? b != +b
          // but treat `+0` vs. `-0` as not equal
          : (a == 0 ? (1 / a == 1 / b) : a == +b);

      case regexpClass:
      case stringClass:
        // coerce regexes to strings (http://es5.github.com/#x15.10.6.4)
        // treat string primitives and their corresponding object instances as equal
        return a == b + '';
    }
    // exit early, in older browsers, if `a` is array-like but not `b`
    var isArr = className == arrayClass || className == argsClass;
    if (noArgsClass && !isArr && (isArr = isArguments(a)) && !isArguments(b)) {
      return false;
    }
    if (!isArr) {
      // unwrap any `lodash` wrapped values
      if (a.__wrapped__ || b.__wrapped__) {
        return isEqual(a.__wrapped__ || a, b.__wrapped__ || b);
      }
      // exit for functions and DOM nodes
      if (className != objectClass || (noNodeClass && (
          (typeof a.toString != 'function' && typeof (a + '') == 'string') ||
          (typeof b.toString != 'function' && typeof (b + '') == 'string')))) {
        return false;
      }
      var ctorA = a.constructor,
          ctorB = b.constructor;

      // non `Object` object instances with different constructors are not equal
      if (ctorA != ctorB && !(
            isFunction(ctorA) && ctorA instanceof ctorA &&
            isFunction(ctorB) && ctorB instanceof ctorB
          )) {
        return false;
      }
    }
    // assume cyclic structures are equal
    // the algorithm for detecting cyclic structures is adapted from ES 5.1
    // section 15.12.3, abstract operation `JO` (http://es5.github.com/#x15.12.3)
    stackA || (stackA = []);
    stackB || (stackB = []);

    var length = stackA.length;
    while (length--) {
      if (stackA[length] == a) {
        return stackB[length] == b;
      }
    }

    var index = -1,
        result = true,
        size = 0;

    // add `a` and `b` to the stack of traversed objects
    stackA.push(a);
    stackB.push(b);

    // recursively compare objects and arrays (susceptible to call stack limits)
    if (isArr) {
      // compare lengths to determine if a deep comparison is necessary
      size = a.length;
      result = size == b.length;

      if (result) {
        // deep compare the contents, ignoring non-numeric properties
        while (size--) {
          if (!(result = isEqual(a[size], b[size], stackA, stackB))) {
            break;
          }
        }
      }
      return result;
    }
    // deep compare objects
    for (var key in a) {
      if (hasOwnProperty.call(a, key)) {
        // count the number of properties.
        size++;
        // deep compare each property value.
        if (!(hasOwnProperty.call(b, key) && isEqual(a[key], b[key], stackA, stackB))) {
          return false;
        }
      }
    }
    // ensure both objects have the same number of properties
    for (key in b) {
      // The JS engine in Adobe products, like InDesign, has a bug that causes
      // `!size--` to throw an error so it must be wrapped in parentheses.
      // https://github.com/documentcloud/underscore/issues/355
      if (hasOwnProperty.call(b, key) && !(size--)) {
        // `size` will be `-1` if `b` has more properties than `a`
        return false;
      }
    }
    // handle JScript [[DontEnum]] bug
    if (hasDontEnumBug) {
      while (++index < 7) {
        key = shadowed[index];
        if (hasOwnProperty.call(a, key) &&
            !(hasOwnProperty.call(b, key) && isEqual(a[key], b[key], stackA, stackB))) {
          return false;
        }
      }
    }
    return true;
  }

  /**
   * Checks if `value` is, or can be coerced to, a finite number.
   *
   * Note: This is not the same as native `isFinite`, which will return true for
   * booleans and empty strings. See http://es5.github.com/#x15.1.2.5.
   *
   * @deprecated
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Objects
   * @param {Mixed} value The value to check.
   * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is a finite number, else `false`.
   * @example
   *
   * _.isFinite(-101);
   * // => true
   *
   * _.isFinite('10');
   * // => true
   *
   * _.isFinite(true);
   * // => false
   *
   * _.isFinite('');
   * // => false
   *
   * _.isFinite(Infinity);
   * // => false
   */
  function isFinite(value) {
    return nativeIsFinite(value ? +value : parseFloat(value));
  }

  /**
   * Checks if `value` is a function.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Objects
   * @param {Mixed} value The value to check.
   * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is a function, else `false`.
   * @example
   *
   * _.isFunction(_);
   * // => true
   */
  function isFunction(value) {
    return typeof value == 'function';
  }
  // fallback for older versions of Chrome and Safari
  if (isFunction(/x/)) {
    isFunction = function(value) {
      return toString.call(value) == funcClass;
    };
  }

  /**
   * Checks if `value` is the language type of Object.
   * (e.g. arrays, functions, objects, regexes, `new Number(0)`, and `new String('')`)
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Objects
   * @param {Mixed} value The value to check.
   * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is an object, else `false`.
   * @example
   *
   * _.isObject({});
   * // => true
   *
   * _.isObject([1, 2, 3]);
   * // => true
   *
   * _.isObject(1);
   * // => false
   */
  function isObject(value) {
    // check if the value is the ECMAScript language type of Object
    // http://es5.github.com/#x8
    // and avoid a V8 bug
    // http://code.google.com/p/v8/issues/detail?id=2291
    return value ? objectTypes[typeof value] : false;
  }

  /**
   * Checks if `value` is `NaN`.
   *
   * Note: This is not the same as native `isNaN`, which will return true for
   * `undefined` and other values. See http://es5.github.com/#x15.1.2.4.
   *
   * @deprecated
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Objects
   * @param {Mixed} value The value to check.
   * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is `NaN`, else `false`.
   * @example
   *
   * _.isNaN(NaN);
   * // => true
   *
   * _.isNaN(new Number(NaN));
   * // => true
   *
   * isNaN(undefined);
   * // => true
   *
   * _.isNaN(undefined);
   * // => false
   */
  function isNaN(value) {
    // `NaN` as a primitive is the only value that is not equal to itself
    // (perform the [[Class]] check first to avoid errors with some host objects in IE)
    return toString.call(value) == numberClass && value != +value
  }

  /**
   * Checks if `value` is `null`.
   *
   * @deprecated
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Objects
   * @param {Mixed} value The value to check.
   * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is `null`, else `false`.
   * @example
   *
   * _.isNull(null);
   * // => true
   *
   * _.isNull(undefined);
   * // => false
   */
  function isNull(value) {
    return value === null;
  }

  /**
   * Checks if `value` is a number.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Objects
   * @param {Mixed} value The value to check.
   * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is a number, else `false`.
   * @example
   *
   * _.isNumber(8.4 * 5);
   * // => true
   */
  function isNumber(value) {
    return toString.call(value) == numberClass;
  }

  /**
   * Checks if a given `value` is an object created by the `Object` constructor.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Objects
   * @param {Mixed} value The value to check.
   * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a plain object, else `false`.
   * @example
   *
   * function Stooge(name, age) {
   *   this.name = name;
   *   this.age = age;
   * }
   *
   * _.isPlainObject(new Stooge('moe', 40));
   * // => false
   *
   * _.isPlainObject([1, 2, 3]);
   * // => false
   *
   * _.isPlainObject({ 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 });
   * // => true
   */
  var isPlainObject = !getPrototypeOf ? shimIsPlainObject : function(value) {
    if (!(value && typeof value == 'object')) {
      return false;
    }
    var valueOf = value.valueOf,
        objProto = typeof valueOf == 'function' && (objProto = getPrototypeOf(valueOf)) && getPrototypeOf(objProto);

    return objProto
      ? value == objProto || (getPrototypeOf(value) == objProto && !isArguments(value))
      : shimIsPlainObject(value);
  };

  /**
   * Checks if `value` is a regular expression.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Objects
   * @param {Mixed} value The value to check.
   * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is a regular expression, else `false`.
   * @example
   *
   * _.isRegExp(/moe/);
   * // => true
   */
  function isRegExp(value) {
    return toString.call(value) == regexpClass;
  }

  /**
   * Checks if `value` is a string.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Objects
   * @param {Mixed} value The value to check.
   * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is a string, else `false`.
   * @example
   *
   * _.isString('moe');
   * // => true
   */
  function isString(value) {
    return toString.call(value) == stringClass;
  }

  /**
   * Checks if `value` is `undefined`.
   *
   * @deprecated
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Objects
   * @param {Mixed} value The value to check.
   * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is `undefined`, else `false`.
   * @example
   *
   * _.isUndefined(void 0);
   * // => true
   */
  function isUndefined(value) {
    return value === undefined;
  }

  /**
   * Creates an array composed of the own enumerable property names of `object`.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Objects
   * @param {Object} object The object to inspect.
   * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of property names.
   * @example
   *
   * _.keys({ 'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3 });
   * // => ['one', 'two', 'three'] (order is not guaranteed)
   */
  var keys = !nativeKeys ? shimKeys : function(object) {
    var type = typeof object;

    // avoid iterating over the `prototype` property
    if (type == 'function' && propertyIsEnumerable.call(object, 'prototype')) {
      return shimKeys(object);
    }
    return object && objectTypes[type]
      ? nativeKeys(object)
      : [];
  };

  /**
   * Merges enumerable properties of the source object(s) into the `destination`
   * object. Subsequent sources will overwrite propery assignments of previous
   * sources.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Objects
   * @param {Object} object The destination object.
   * @param {Object} [source1, source2, ...] The source objects.
   * @param- {Object} [indicator] Internally used to indicate that the `stack`
   *  argument is an array of traversed objects instead of another source object.
   * @param- {Array} [stackA=[]] Internally used to track traversed source objects.
   * @param- {Array} [stackB=[]] Internally used to associate values with their
   *  source counterparts.
   * @returns {Object} Returns the destination object.
   * @example
   *
   * var stooges = [
   *   { 'name': 'moe' },
   *   { 'name': 'larry' }
   * ];
   *
   * var ages = [
   *   { 'age': 40 },
   *   { 'age': 50 }
   * ];
   *
   * _.merge(stooges, ages);
   * // => [{ 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 }, { 'name': 'larry', 'age': 50 }]
   */
  function merge(object, source, indicator) {
    var args = arguments,
        index = 0,
        length = 2,
        stackA = args[3],
        stackB = args[4];

    if (indicator !== indicatorObject) {
      stackA = [];
      stackB = [];
      length = args.length;
    }
    while (++index < length) {
      forOwn(args[index], function(source, key) {
        var found, isArr, value;
        if (source && ((isArr = isArray(source)) || isPlainObject(source))) {
          // avoid merging previously merged cyclic sources
          var stackLength = stackA.length;
          while (stackLength--) {
            found = stackA[stackLength] == source;
            if (found) {
              break;
            }
          }
          if (found) {
            object[key] = stackB[stackLength];
          }
          else {
            // add `source` and associated `value` to the stack of traversed objects
            stackA.push(source);
            stackB.push(value = (value = object[key], isArr)
              ? (isArray(value) ? value : [])
              : (isPlainObject(value) ? value : {})
            );
            // recursively merge objects and arrays (susceptible to call stack limits)
            object[key] = merge(value, source, indicatorObject, stackA, stackB);
          }
        } else if (source != null) {
          object[key] = source;
        }
      });
    }
    return object;
  }

  /**
   * Creates a shallow clone of `object` excluding the specified properties.
   * Property names may be specified as individual arguments or as arrays of
   * property names. If `callback` is passed, it will be executed for each property
   * in the `object`, omitting the properties `callback` returns truthy for. The
   * `callback` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments; (value, key, object).
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Objects
   * @param {Object} object The source object.
   * @param {Function|String} callback|[prop1, prop2, ...] The properties to omit
   *  or the function called per iteration.
   * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
   * @returns {Object} Returns an object without the omitted properties.
   * @example
   *
   * _.omit({ 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40, 'userid': 'moe1' }, 'userid');
   * // => { 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 }
   *
   * _.omit({ 'name': 'moe', '_hint': 'knucklehead', '_seed': '96c4eb' }, function(value, key) {
   *   return key.charAt(0) == '_';
   * });
   * // => { 'name': 'moe' }
   */
  function omit(object, callback, thisArg) {
    var isFunc = typeof callback == 'function',
        result = {};

    if (isFunc) {
      callback = createCallback(callback, thisArg);
    } else {
      var props = concat.apply(arrayRef, arguments);
    }
    forIn(object, function(value, key, object) {
      if (isFunc
            ? !callback(value, key, object)
            : indexOf(props, key, 1) < 0
          ) {
        result[key] = value;
      }
    });
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * Creates a two dimensional array of the given object's key-value pairs,
   * i.e. `[[key1, value1], [key2, value2]]`.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Objects
   * @param {Object} object The object to inspect.
   * @returns {Array} Returns new array of key-value pairs.
   * @example
   *
   * _.pairs({ 'moe': 30, 'larry': 40, 'curly': 50 });
   * // => [['moe', 30], ['larry', 40], ['curly', 50]] (order is not guaranteed)
   */
  function pairs(object) {
    var result = [];
    forOwn(object, function(value, key) {
      result.push([key, value]);
    });
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * Creates a shallow clone of `object` composed of the specified properties.
   * Property names may be specified as individual arguments or as arrays of
   * property names. If `callback` is passed, it will be executed for each property
   * in the `object`, picking the properties `callback` returns truthy for. The
   * `callback` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments; (value, key, object).
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Objects
   * @param {Object} object The source object.
   * @param {Function|String} callback|[prop1, prop2, ...] The properties to pick
   *  or the function called per iteration.
   * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
   * @returns {Object} Returns an object composed of the picked properties.
   * @example
   *
   * _.pick({ 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40, 'userid': 'moe1' }, 'name', 'age');
   * // => { 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 }
   *
   * _.pick({ 'name': 'moe', '_hint': 'knucklehead', '_seed': '96c4eb' }, function(value, key) {
   *   return key.charAt(0) != '_';
   * });
   * // => { 'name': 'moe' }
   */
  function pick(object, callback, thisArg) {
    var result = {};
    if (typeof callback != 'function') {
      var index = 0,
          props = concat.apply(arrayRef, arguments),
          length = props.length;

      while (++index < length) {
        var key = props[index];
        if (key in object) {
          result[key] = object[key];
        }
      }
    } else {
      callback = createCallback(callback, thisArg);
      forIn(object, function(value, key, object) {
        if (callback(value, key, object)) {
          result[key] = value;
        }
      });
    }
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * Creates an array composed of the own enumerable property values of `object`.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Objects
   * @param {Object} object The object to inspect.
   * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of property values.
   * @example
   *
   * _.values({ 'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3 });
   * // => [1, 2, 3]
   */
  function values(object) {
    var result = [];
    forOwn(object, function(value) {
      result.push(value);
    });
    return result;
  }

  /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

  /**
   * Checks if a given `target` element is present in a `collection` using strict
   * equality for comparisons, i.e. `===`.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @alias include
   * @category Collections
   * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to iterate over.
   * @param {Mixed} target The value to check for.
   * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true` if the `target` element is found, else `false`.
   * @example
   *
   * _.contains([1, 2, 3], 3);
   * // => true
   *
   * _.contains({ 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 }, 'moe');
   * // => true
   *
   * _.contains('curly', 'ur');
   * // => true
   */
  function contains(collection, target) {
    var length = collection ? collection.length : 0;
    if (typeof length == 'number') {
      return (toString.call(collection) == stringClass
        ? collection.indexOf(target)
        : indexOf(collection, target)
      ) > -1;
    }
    return some(collection, function(value) {
      return value === target;
    });
  }

  /**
   * Creates an object composed of keys returned from running each element of
   * `collection` through a `callback`. The corresponding value of each key is
   * the number of times the key was returned by `callback`. The `callback` is
   * bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments; (value, index|key, collection).
   * The `callback` argument may also be the name of a property to count by (e.g. 'length').
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Collections
   * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to iterate over.
   * @param {Function|String} callback|property The function called per iteration
   *  or property name to count by.
   * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
   * @returns {Object} Returns the composed aggregate object.
   * @example
   *
   * _.countBy([4.3, 6.1, 6.4], function(num) { return Math.floor(num); });
   * // => { '4': 1, '6': 2 }
   *
   * _.countBy([4.3, 6.1, 6.4], function(num) { return this.floor(num); }, Math);
   * // => { '4': 1, '6': 2 }
   *
   * _.countBy(['one', 'two', 'three'], 'length');
   * // => { '3': 2, '5': 1 }
   */
  function countBy(collection, callback, thisArg) {
    var result = {};
    callback = createCallback(callback, thisArg);
    forEach(collection, function(value, key, collection) {
      key = callback(value, key, collection);
      (hasOwnProperty.call(result, key) ? result[key]++ : result[key] = 1);
    });
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * Checks if the `callback` returns a truthy value for **all** elements of a
   * `collection`. The `callback` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three
   * arguments; (value, index|key, collection).
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @alias all
   * @category Collections
   * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to iterate over.
   * @param {Function} [callback=identity] The function called per iteration.
   * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
   * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true` if all elements pass the callback check,
   *  else `false`.
   * @example
   *
   * _.every([true, 1, null, 'yes'], Boolean);
   * // => false
   */
  function every(collection, callback, thisArg) {
    var result = true;
    callback = createCallback(callback, thisArg);
    forEach(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
      return (result = callback(value, index, collection));
    });
    return !!result;
  }

  /**
   * Examines each element in a `collection`, returning an array of all elements
   * the `callback` returns truthy for. The `callback` is bound to `thisArg` and
   * invoked with three arguments; (value, index|key, collection).
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @alias select
   * @category Collections
   * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to iterate over.
   * @param {Function} [callback=identity] The function called per iteration.
   * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
   * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of elements that passed the callback check.
   * @example
   *
   * var evens = _.filter([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], function(num) { return num % 2 == 0; });
   * // => [2, 4, 6]
   */
  function filter(collection, callback, thisArg) {
    var result = [];
    callback = createCallback(callback, thisArg);
    forEach(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
      if (callback(value, index, collection)) {
        result.push(value);
      }
    });
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * Examines each element in a `collection`, returning the first one the `callback`
   * returns truthy for. The function returns as soon as it finds an acceptable
   * element, and does not iterate over the entire `collection`. The `callback` is
   * bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments; (value, index|key, collection).
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @alias detect
   * @category Collections
   * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to iterate over.
   * @param {Function} callback The function called per iteration.
   * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
   * @returns {Mixed} Returns the element that passed the callback check,
   *  else `undefined`.
   * @example
   *
   * var even = _.find([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], function(num) { return num % 2 == 0; });
   * // => 2
   */
  function find(collection, callback, thisArg) {
    var result;
    callback = createCallback(callback, thisArg);
    some(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
      return callback(value, index, collection) && (result = value, true);
    });
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * Iterates over a `collection`, executing the `callback` for each element in
   * the `collection`. The `callback` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three
   * arguments; (value, index|key, collection). Callbacks may exit iteration early
   * by explicitly returning `false`.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @alias each
   * @category Collections
   * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to iterate over.
   * @param {Function} callback The function called per iteration.
   * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
   * @returns {Array|Object|String} Returns `collection`.
   * @example
   *
   * _([1, 2, 3]).forEach(alert).join(',');
   * // => alerts each number and returns '1,2,3'
   *
   * _.forEach({ 'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3 }, alert);
   * // => alerts each number (order is not guaranteed)
   */
  var forEach = createIterator(forEachIteratorOptions);

  /**
   * Creates an object composed of keys returned from running each element of
   * `collection` through a `callback`. The corresponding value of each key is an
   * array of elements passed to `callback` that returned the key. The `callback`
   * is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments; (value, index|key, collection).
   * The `callback` argument may also be the name of a property to group by (e.g. 'length').
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Collections
   * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to iterate over.
   * @param {Function|String} callback|property The function called per iteration
   *  or property name to group by.
   * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
   * @returns {Object} Returns the composed aggregate object.
   * @example
   *
   * _.groupBy([4.2, 6.1, 6.4], function(num) { return Math.floor(num); });
   * // => { '4': [4.2], '6': [6.1, 6.4] }
   *
   * _.groupBy([4.2, 6.1, 6.4], function(num) { return this.floor(num); }, Math);
   * // => { '4': [4.2], '6': [6.1, 6.4] }
   *
   * _.groupBy(['one', 'two', 'three'], 'length');
   * // => { '3': ['one', 'two'], '5': ['three'] }
   */
  function groupBy(collection, callback, thisArg) {
    var result = {};
    callback = createCallback(callback, thisArg);
    forEach(collection, function(value, key, collection) {
      key = callback(value, key, collection);
      (hasOwnProperty.call(result, key) ? result[key] : result[key] = []).push(value);
    });
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * Invokes the method named by `methodName` on each element in the `collection`,
   * returning an array of the results of each invoked method. Additional arguments
   * will be passed to each invoked method. If `methodName` is a function it will
   * be invoked for, and `this` bound to, each element in the `collection`.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Collections
   * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to iterate over.
   * @param {Function|String} methodName The name of the method to invoke or
   *  the function invoked per iteration.
   * @param {Mixed} [arg1, arg2, ...] Arguments to invoke the method with.
   * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of the results of each invoked method.
   * @example
   *
   * _.invoke([[5, 1, 7], [3, 2, 1]], 'sort');
   * // => [[1, 5, 7], [1, 2, 3]]
   *
   * _.invoke([123, 456], String.prototype.split, '');
   * // => [['1', '2', '3'], ['4', '5', '6']]
   */
  function invoke(collection, methodName) {
    var args = slice.call(arguments, 2),
        isFunc = typeof methodName == 'function',
        result = [];

    forEach(collection, function(value) {
      result.push((isFunc ? methodName : value[methodName]).apply(value, args));
    });
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * Creates an array of values by running each element in the `collection`
   * through a `callback`. The `callback` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with
   * three arguments; (value, index|key, collection).
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @alias collect
   * @category Collections
   * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to iterate over.
   * @param {Function} [callback=identity] The function called per iteration.
   * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
   * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of the results of each `callback` execution.
   * @example
   *
   * _.map([1, 2, 3], function(num) { return num * 3; });
   * // => [3, 6, 9]
   *
   * _.map({ 'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3 }, function(num) { return num * 3; });
   * // => [3, 6, 9] (order is not guaranteed)
   */
  function map(collection, callback, thisArg) {
    var index = -1,
        length = collection ? collection.length : 0,
        result = Array(typeof length == 'number' ? length : 0);

    callback = createCallback(callback, thisArg);
    if (isArray(collection)) {
      while (++index < length) {
        result[index] = callback(collection[index], index, collection);
      }
    } else {
      forEach(collection, function(value, key, collection) {
        result[++index] = callback(value, key, collection);
      });
    }
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * Retrieves the maximum value of an `array`. If `callback` is passed,
   * it will be executed for each value in the `array` to generate the
   * criterion by which the value is ranked. The `callback` is bound to
   * `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments; (value, index, collection).
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Collections
   * @param {Array} collection The collection to iterate over.
   * @param {Function} [callback] The function called per iteration.
   * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
   * @returns {Mixed} Returns the maximum value.
   * @example
   *
   * var stooges = [
   *   { 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 },
   *   { 'name': 'larry', 'age': 50 },
   *   { 'name': 'curly', 'age': 60 }
   * ];
   *
   * _.max(stooges, function(stooge) { return stooge.age; });
   * // => { 'name': 'curly', 'age': 60 };
   */
  function max(collection, callback, thisArg) {
    var computed = -Infinity,
        index = -1,
        length = collection ? collection.length : 0,
        result = computed;

    if (callback || typeof length != 'number') {
      callback = createCallback(callback, thisArg);
      forEach(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
        var current = callback(value, index, collection);
        if (current > computed) {
          computed = current;
          result = value;
        }
      });
    } else {
      while (++index < length) {
        if (collection[index] > result) {
          result = collection[index];
        }
      }
    }
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * Retrieves the minimum value of an `array`. If `callback` is passed,
   * it will be executed for each value in the `array` to generate the
   * criterion by which the value is ranked. The `callback` is bound to `thisArg`
   * and invoked with three arguments; (value, index, collection).
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Collections
   * @param {Array} collection The collection to iterate over.
   * @param {Function} [callback] The function called per iteration.
   * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
   * @returns {Mixed} Returns the minimum value.
   * @example
   *
   * _.min([10, 5, 100, 2, 1000]);
   * // => 2
   */
  function min(collection, callback, thisArg) {
    var computed = Infinity,
        index = -1,
        length = collection ? collection.length : 0,
        result = computed;

    if (callback || typeof length != 'number') {
      callback = createCallback(callback, thisArg);
      forEach(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
        var current = callback(value, index, collection);
        if (current < computed) {
          computed = current;
          result = value;
        }
      });
    } else {
      while (++index < length) {
        if (collection[index] < result) {
          result = collection[index];
        }
      }
    }
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * Retrieves the value of a specified property from all elements in
   * the `collection`.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Collections
   * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to iterate over.
   * @param {String} property The property to pluck.
   * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of property values.
   * @example
   *
   * var stooges = [
   *   { 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 },
   *   { 'name': 'larry', 'age': 50 },
   *   { 'name': 'curly', 'age': 60 }
   * ];
   *
   * _.pluck(stooges, 'name');
   * // => ['moe', 'larry', 'curly']
   */
  function pluck(collection, property) {
    var result = [];
    forEach(collection, function(value) {
      result.push(value[property]);
    });
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * Boils down a `collection` to a single value. The initial state of the
   * reduction is `accumulator` and each successive step of it should be returned
   * by the `callback`. The `callback` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with 4
   * arguments; for arrays they are (accumulator, value, index|key, collection).
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @alias foldl, inject
   * @category Collections
   * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to iterate over.
   * @param {Function} callback The function called per iteration.
   * @param {Mixed} [accumulator] Initial value of the accumulator.
   * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
   * @returns {Mixed} Returns the accumulated value.
   * @example
   *
   * var sum = _.reduce([1, 2, 3], function(memo, num) { return memo + num; });
   * // => 6
   */
  function reduce(collection, callback, accumulator, thisArg) {
    var noaccum = arguments.length < 3;
    callback = createCallback(callback, thisArg);
    forEach(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
      accumulator = noaccum
        ? (noaccum = false, value)
        : callback(accumulator, value, index, collection)
    });
    return accumulator;
  }

  /**
   * The right-associative version of `_.reduce`.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @alias foldr
   * @category Collections
   * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to iterate over.
   * @param {Function} callback The function called per iteration.
   * @param {Mixed} [accumulator] Initial value of the accumulator.
   * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
   * @returns {Mixed} Returns the accumulated value.
   * @example
   *
   * var list = [[0, 1], [2, 3], [4, 5]];
   * var flat = _.reduceRight(list, function(a, b) { return a.concat(b); }, []);
   * // => [4, 5, 2, 3, 0, 1]
   */
  function reduceRight(collection, callback, accumulator, thisArg) {
    var iteratee = collection,
        length = collection ? collection.length : 0,
        noaccum = arguments.length < 3;

    if (typeof length != 'number') {
      var props = keys(collection);
      length = props.length;
    } else if (noCharByIndex && toString.call(collection) == stringClass) {
      iteratee = collection.split('');
    }
    forEach(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
      index = props ? props[--length] : --length;
      accumulator = noaccum
        ? (noaccum = false, iteratee[index])
        : callback.call(thisArg, accumulator, iteratee[index], index, collection);
    });
    return accumulator;
  }

  /**
   * The opposite of `_.filter`, this method returns the values of a
   * `collection` that `callback` does **not** return truthy for.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Collections
   * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to iterate over.
   * @param {Function} [callback=identity] The function called per iteration.
   * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
   * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of elements that did **not** pass the
   *  callback check.
   * @example
   *
   * var odds = _.reject([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], function(num) { return num % 2 == 0; });
   * // => [1, 3, 5]
   */
  function reject(collection, callback, thisArg) {
    callback = createCallback(callback, thisArg);
    return filter(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
      return !callback(value, index, collection);
    });
  }

  /**
   * Creates an array of shuffled `array` values, using a version of the
   * Fisher-Yates shuffle. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisher-Yates_shuffle.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Collections
   * @param {Array} collection The collection to shuffle.
   * @returns {Array} Returns a new shuffled collection.
   * @example
   *
   * _.shuffle([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]);
   * // => [4, 1, 6, 3, 5, 2]
   */
  function shuffle(collection) {
    var index = -1,
        result = Array(collection ? collection.length : 0);

    forEach(collection, function(value) {
      var rand = floor(nativeRandom() * (++index + 1));
      result[index] = result[rand];
      result[rand] = value;
    });
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * Gets the size of the `collection` by returning `collection.length` for arrays
   * and array-like objects or the number of own enumerable properties for objects.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Collections
   * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to inspect.
   * @returns {Number} Returns `collection.length` or number of own enumerable properties.
   * @example
   *
   * _.size([1, 2]);
   * // => 2
   *
   * _.size({ 'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3 });
   * // => 3
   *
   * _.size('curly');
   * // => 5
   */
  function size(collection) {
    var length = collection ? collection.length : 0;
    return typeof length == 'number' ? length : keys(collection).length;
  }

  /**
   * Checks if the `callback` returns a truthy value for **any** element of a
   * `collection`. The function returns as soon as it finds passing value, and
   * does not iterate over the entire `collection`. The `callback` is bound to
   * `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments; (value, index|key, collection).
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @alias any
   * @category Collections
   * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to iterate over.
   * @param {Function} [callback=identity] The function called per iteration.
   * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
   * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true` if any element passes the callback check,
   *  else `false`.
   * @example
   *
   * _.some([null, 0, 'yes', false]);
   * // => true
   */
  function some(collection, callback, thisArg) {
    var result;
    callback = createCallback(callback, thisArg);
    forEach(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
      return !(result = callback(value, index, collection));
    });
    return !!result;
  }

  /**
   * Creates an array, stable sorted in ascending order by the results of
   * running each element of `collection` through a `callback`. The `callback`
   * is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments; (value, index|key, collection).
   * The `callback` argument may also be the name of a property to sort by (e.g. 'length').
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Collections
   * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to iterate over.
   * @param {Function|String} callback|property The function called per iteration
   *  or property name to sort by.
   * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
   * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of sorted elements.
   * @example
   *
   * _.sortBy([1, 2, 3], function(num) { return Math.sin(num); });
   * // => [3, 1, 2]
   *
   * _.sortBy([1, 2, 3], function(num) { return this.sin(num); }, Math);
   * // => [3, 1, 2]
   *
   * _.sortBy(['larry', 'brendan', 'moe'], 'length');
   * // => ['moe', 'larry', 'brendan']
   */
  function sortBy(collection, callback, thisArg) {
    var result = [];
    callback = createCallback(callback, thisArg);
    forEach(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
      result.push({
        'criteria': callback(value, index, collection),
        'index': index,
        'value': value
      });
    });

    var length = result.length;
    result.sort(compareAscending);
    while (length--) {
      result[length] = result[length].value;
    }
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * Converts the `collection`, to an array.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Collections
   * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to convert.
   * @returns {Array} Returns the new converted array.
   * @example
   *
   * (function() { return _.toArray(arguments).slice(1); })(1, 2, 3, 4);
   * // => [2, 3, 4]
   */
  function toArray(collection) {
    if (collection && typeof collection.length == 'number') {
      return (noArraySliceOnStrings ? toString.call(collection) == stringClass : typeof collection == 'string')
        ? collection.split('')
        : slice.call(collection);
    }
    return values(collection);
  }

  /**
   * Examines each element in a `collection`, returning an array of all elements
   * that contain the given `properties`.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Collections
   * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to iterate over.
   * @param {Object} properties The object of property values to filter by.
   * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of elements that contain the given `properties`.
   * @example
   *
   * var stooges = [
   *   { 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 },
   *   { 'name': 'larry', 'age': 50 },
   *   { 'name': 'curly', 'age': 60 }
   * ];
   *
   * _.where(stooges, { 'age': 40 });
   * // => [{ 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 }]
   */
  function where(collection, properties) {
    var props = [];
    forIn(properties, function(value, prop) {
      props.push(prop);
    });
    return filter(collection, function(object) {
      var length = props.length;
      while (length--) {
        var result = object[props[length]] === properties[props[length]];
        if (!result) {
          break;
        }
      }
      return !!result;
    });
  }

  /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

  /**
   * Creates an array with all falsey values of `array` removed. The values
   * `false`, `null`, `0`, `""`, `undefined` and `NaN` are all falsey.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Arrays
   * @param {Array} array The array to compact.
   * @returns {Array} Returns a new filtered array.
   * @example
   *
   * _.compact([0, 1, false, 2, '', 3]);
   * // => [1, 2, 3]
   */
  function compact(array) {
    var index = -1,
        length = array ? array.length : 0,
        result = [];

    while (++index < length) {
      var value = array[index];
      if (value) {
        result.push(value);
      }
    }
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * Creates an array of `array` elements not present in the other arrays
   * using strict equality for comparisons, i.e. `===`.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Arrays
   * @param {Array} array The array to process.
   * @param {Array} [array1, array2, ...] Arrays to check.
   * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of `array` elements not present in the
   *  other arrays.
   * @example
   *
   * _.difference([1, 2, 3, 4, 5], [5, 2, 10]);
   * // => [1, 3, 4]
   */
  function difference(array) {
    var index = -1,
        length = array ? array.length : 0,
        flattened = concat.apply(arrayRef, arguments),
        contains = cachedContains(flattened, length),
        result = [];

    while (++index < length) {
      var value = array[index];
      if (!contains(value)) {
        result.push(value);
      }
    }
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * Gets the first element of the `array`. Pass `n` to return the first `n`
   * elements of the `array`.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @alias head, take
   * @category Arrays
   * @param {Array} array The array to query.
   * @param {Number} [n] The number of elements to return.
   * @param- {Object} [guard] Internally used to allow this method to work with
   *  others like `_.map` without using their callback `index` argument for `n`.
   * @returns {Mixed} Returns the first element or an array of the first `n`
   *  elements of `array`.
   * @example
   *
   * _.first([5, 4, 3, 2, 1]);
   * // => 5
   */
  function first(array, n, guard) {
    if (array) {
      return (n == null || guard) ? array[0] : slice.call(array, 0, n);
    }
  }

  /**
   * Flattens a nested array (the nesting can be to any depth). If `shallow` is
   * truthy, `array` will only be flattened a single level.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Arrays
   * @param {Array} array The array to compact.
   * @param {Boolean} shallow A flag to indicate only flattening a single level.
   * @returns {Array} Returns a new flattened array.
   * @example
   *
   * _.flatten([1, [2], [3, [[4]]]]);
   * // => [1, 2, 3, 4];
   *
   * _.flatten([1, [2], [3, [[4]]]], true);
   * // => [1, 2, 3, [[4]]];
   */
  function flatten(array, shallow) {
    var index = -1,
        length = array ? array.length : 0,
        result = [];

    while (++index < length) {
      var value = array[index];

      // recursively flatten arrays (susceptible to call stack limits)
      if (isArray(value)) {
        push.apply(result, shallow ? value : flatten(value));
      } else {
        result.push(value);
      }
    }
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * Gets the index at which the first occurrence of `value` is found using
   * strict equality for comparisons, i.e. `===`. If the `array` is already
   * sorted, passing `true` for `fromIndex` will run a faster binary search.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Arrays
   * @param {Array} array The array to search.
   * @param {Mixed} value The value to search for.
   * @param {Boolean|Number} [fromIndex=0] The index to start searching from or
   *  `true` to perform a binary search on a sorted `array`.
   * @returns {Number} Returns the index of the matched value or `-1`.
   * @example
   *
   * _.indexOf([1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3], 2);
   * // => 1
   *
   * _.indexOf([1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3], 2, 3);
   * // => 4
   *
   * _.indexOf([1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3], 2, true);
   * // => 2
   */
  function indexOf(array, value, fromIndex) {
    var index = -1,
        length = array ? array.length : 0;

    if (typeof fromIndex == 'number') {
      index = (fromIndex < 0 ? nativeMax(0, length + fromIndex) : fromIndex || 0) - 1;
    } else if (fromIndex) {
      index = sortedIndex(array, value);
      return array[index] === value ? index : -1;
    }
    while (++index < length) {
      if (array[index] === value) {
        return index;
      }
    }
    return -1;
  }

  /**
   * Gets all but the last element of `array`. Pass `n` to exclude the last `n`
   * elements from the result.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Arrays
   * @param {Array} array The array to query.
   * @param {Number} [n] The number of elements to return.
   * @param- {Object} [guard] Internally used to allow this method to work with
   *  others like `_.map` without using their callback `index` argument for `n`.
   * @returns {Array} Returns all but the last element or `n` elements of `array`.
   * @example
   *
   * _.initial([3, 2, 1]);
   * // => [3, 2]
   */
  function initial(array, n, guard) {
    return array
      ? slice.call(array, 0, -((n == null || guard) ? 1 : n))
      : [];
  }

  /**
   * Computes the intersection of all the passed-in arrays using strict equality
   * for comparisons, i.e. `===`.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Arrays
   * @param {Array} [array1, array2, ...] Arrays to process.
   * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of unique elements, in order, that are
   *  present in **all** of the arrays.
   * @example
   *
   * _.intersection([1, 2, 3], [101, 2, 1, 10], [2, 1]);
   * // => [1, 2]
   */
  function intersection(array) {
    var args = arguments,
        argsLength = args.length,
        cache = {},
        result = [];

    forEach(array, function(value) {
      if (indexOf(result, value) < 0) {
        var length = argsLength;
        while (--length) {
          if (!(cache[length] || (cache[length] = cachedContains(args[length])))(value)) {
            return;
          }
        }
        result.push(value);
      }
    });
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * Gets the last element of the `array`. Pass `n` to return the last `n`
   * elements of the `array`.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Arrays
   * @param {Array} array The array to query.
   * @param {Number} [n] The number of elements to return.
   * @param- {Object} [guard] Internally used to allow this method to work with
   *  others like `_.map` without using their callback `index` argument for `n`.
   * @returns {Mixed} Returns the last element or an array of the last `n`
   *  elements of `array`.
   * @example
   *
   * _.last([3, 2, 1]);
   * // => 1
   */
  function last(array, n, guard) {
    if (array) {
      var length = array.length;
      return (n == null || guard) ? array[length - 1] : slice.call(array, -n || length);
    }
  }

  /**
   * Gets the index at which the last occurrence of `value` is found using
   * strict equality for comparisons, i.e. `===`.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Arrays
   * @param {Array} array The array to search.
   * @param {Mixed} value The value to search for.
   * @param {Number} [fromIndex=array.length-1] The index to start searching from.
   * @returns {Number} Returns the index of the matched value or `-1`.
   * @example
   *
   * _.lastIndexOf([1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3], 2);
   * // => 4
   *
   * _.lastIndexOf([1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3], 2, 3);
   * // => 1
   */
  function lastIndexOf(array, value, fromIndex) {
    var index = array ? array.length : 0;
    if (typeof fromIndex == 'number') {
      index = (fromIndex < 0 ? nativeMax(0, index + fromIndex) : nativeMin(fromIndex, index - 1)) + 1;
    }
    while (index--) {
      if (array[index] === value) {
        return index;
      }
    }
    return -1;
  }

  /**
   * Creates an object composed from arrays of `keys` and `values`. Pass either
   * a single two dimensional array, i.e. `[[key1, value1], [key2, value2]]`, or
   * two arrays, one of `keys` and one of corresponding `values`.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Arrays
   * @param {Array} keys The array of keys.
   * @param {Array} [values=[]] The array of values.
   * @returns {Object} Returns an object composed of the given keys and
   *  corresponding values.
   * @example
   *
   * _.object(['moe', 'larry', 'curly'], [30, 40, 50]);
   * // => { 'moe': 30, 'larry': 40, 'curly': 50 }
   */
  function object(keys, values) {
    var index = -1,
        length = keys ? keys.length : 0,
        result = {};

    while (++index < length) {
      var key = keys[index];
      if (values) {
        result[key] = values[index];
      } else {
        result[key[0]] = key[1];
      }
    }
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * Creates an array of numbers (positive and/or negative) progressing from
   * `start` up to but not including `stop`. This method is a port of Python's
   * `range()` function. See http://docs.python.org/library/functions.html#range.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Arrays
   * @param {Number} [start=0] The start of the range.
   * @param {Number} end The end of the range.
   * @param {Number} [step=1] The value to increment or descrement by.
   * @returns {Array} Returns a new range array.
   * @example
   *
   * _.range(10);
   * // => [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
   *
   * _.range(1, 11);
   * // => [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
   *
   * _.range(0, 30, 5);
   * // => [0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25]
   *
   * _.range(0, -10, -1);
   * // => [0, -1, -2, -3, -4, -5, -6, -7, -8, -9]
   *
   * _.range(0);
   * // => []
   */
  function range(start, end, step) {
    start = +start || 0;
    step = +step || 1;

    if (end == null) {
      end = start;
      start = 0;
    }
    // use `Array(length)` so V8 will avoid the slower "dictionary" mode
    // http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XAqIpGU8ZZk#t=16m27s
    var index = -1,
        length = nativeMax(0, ceil((end - start) / step)),
        result = Array(length);

    while (++index < length) {
      result[index] = start;
      start += step;
    }
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * The opposite of `_.initial`, this method gets all but the first value of
   * `array`. Pass `n` to exclude the first `n` values from the result.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @alias drop, tail
   * @category Arrays
   * @param {Array} array The array to query.
   * @param {Number} [n] The number of elements to return.
   * @param- {Object} [guard] Internally used to allow this method to work with
   *  others like `_.map` without using their callback `index` argument for `n`.
   * @returns {Array} Returns all but the first value or `n` values of `array`.
   * @example
   *
   * _.rest([3, 2, 1]);
   * // => [2, 1]
   */
  function rest(array, n, guard) {
    return array
      ? slice.call(array, (n == null || guard) ? 1 : n)
      : [];
  }

  /**
   * Uses a binary search to determine the smallest index at which the `value`
   * should be inserted into `array` in order to maintain the sort order of the
   * sorted `array`. If `callback` is passed, it will be executed for `value` and
   * each element in `array` to compute their sort ranking. The `callback` is
   * bound to `thisArg` and invoked with one argument; (value). The `callback`
   * argument may also be the name of a property to order by.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Arrays
   * @param {Array} array The array to iterate over.
   * @param {Mixed} value The value to evaluate.
   * @param {Function|String} [callback=identity|property] The function called
   *  per iteration or property name to order by.
   * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
   * @returns {Number} Returns the index at which the value should be inserted
   *  into `array`.
   * @example
   *
   * _.sortedIndex([20, 30, 50], 40);
   * // => 2
   *
   * _.sortedIndex([{ 'x': 20 }, { 'x': 30 }, { 'x': 50 }], { 'x': 40 }, 'x');
   * // => 2
   *
   * var dict = {
   *   'wordToNumber': { 'twenty': 20, 'thirty': 30, 'fourty': 40, 'fifty': 50 }
   * };
   *
   * _.sortedIndex(['twenty', 'thirty', 'fifty'], 'fourty', function(word) {
   *   return dict.wordToNumber[word];
   * });
   * // => 2
   *
   * _.sortedIndex(['twenty', 'thirty', 'fifty'], 'fourty', function(word) {
   *   return this.wordToNumber[word];
   * }, dict);
   * // => 2
   */
  function sortedIndex(array, value, callback, thisArg) {
    var low = 0,
        high = array ? array.length : low;

    // explicitly reference `identity` for better engine inlining
    callback = callback ? createCallback(callback, thisArg) : identity;
    value = callback(value);
    while (low < high) {
      var mid = (low + high) >>> 1;
      callback(array[mid]) < value
        ? low = mid + 1
        : high = mid;
    }
    return low;
  }

  /**
   * Computes the union of the passed-in arrays using strict equality for
   * comparisons, i.e. `===`.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Arrays
   * @param {Array} [array1, array2, ...] Arrays to process.
   * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of unique values, in order, that are
   *  present in one or more of the arrays.
   * @example
   *
   * _.union([1, 2, 3], [101, 2, 1, 10], [2, 1]);
   * // => [1, 2, 3, 101, 10]
   */
  function union() {
    var index = -1,
        flattened = concat.apply(arrayRef, arguments),
        length = flattened.length,
        result = [];

    while (++index < length) {
      var value = flattened[index];
      if (indexOf(result, value) < 0) {
        result.push(value);
      }
    }
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * Creates a duplicate-value-free version of the `array` using strict equality
   * for comparisons, i.e. `===`. If the `array` is already sorted, passing `true`
   * for `isSorted` will run a faster algorithm. If `callback` is passed, each
   * element of `array` is passed through a callback` before uniqueness is computed.
   * The `callback` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments; (value, index, array).
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @alias unique
   * @category Arrays
   * @param {Array} array The array to process.
   * @param {Boolean} [isSorted=false] A flag to indicate that the `array` is already sorted.
   * @param {Function} [callback=identity] The function called per iteration.
   * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
   * @returns {Array} Returns a duplicate-value-free array.
   * @example
   *
   * _.uniq([1, 2, 1, 3, 1]);
   * // => [1, 2, 3]
   *
   * _.uniq([1, 1, 2, 2, 3], true);
   * // => [1, 2, 3]
   *
   * _.uniq([1, 2, 1.5, 3, 2.5], function(num) { return Math.floor(num); });
   * // => [1, 2, 3]
   *
   * _.uniq([1, 2, 1.5, 3, 2.5], function(num) { return this.floor(num); }, Math);
   * // => [1, 2, 3]
   */
  function uniq(array, isSorted, callback, thisArg) {
    var index = -1,
        length = array ? array.length : 0,
        result = [],
        seen = [];

    // juggle arguments
    if (typeof isSorted == 'function') {
      thisArg = callback;
      callback = isSorted;
      isSorted = false;
    }
    callback = createCallback(callback, thisArg);
    while (++index < length) {
      var computed = callback(array[index], index, array);
      if (isSorted
            ? !index || seen[seen.length - 1] !== computed
            : indexOf(seen, computed) < 0
          ) {
        seen.push(computed);
        result.push(array[index]);
      }
    }
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * Creates an array with all occurrences of the passed values removed using
   * strict equality for comparisons, i.e. `===`.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Arrays
   * @param {Array} array The array to filter.
   * @param {Mixed} [value1, value2, ...] Values to remove.
   * @returns {Array} Returns a new filtered array.
   * @example
   *
   * _.without([1, 2, 1, 0, 3, 1, 4], 0, 1);
   * // => [2, 3, 4]
   */
  function without(array) {
    var index = -1,
        length = array ? array.length : 0,
        contains = cachedContains(arguments, 1, 20),
        result = [];

    while (++index < length) {
      var value = array[index];
      if (!contains(value)) {
        result.push(value);
      }
    }
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * Groups the elements of each array at their corresponding indexes. Useful for
   * separate data sources that are coordinated through matching array indexes.
   * For a matrix of nested arrays, `_.zip.apply(...)` can transpose the matrix
   * in a similar fashion.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Arrays
   * @param {Array} [array1, array2, ...] Arrays to process.
   * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of grouped elements.
   * @example
   *
   * _.zip(['moe', 'larry', 'curly'], [30, 40, 50], [true, false, false]);
   * // => [['moe', 30, true], ['larry', 40, false], ['curly', 50, false]]
   */
  function zip(array) {
    var index = -1,
        length = array ? max(pluck(arguments, 'length')) : 0,
        result = Array(length);

    while (++index < length) {
      result[index] = pluck(arguments, index);
    }
    return result;
  }

  /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

  /**
   * Creates a function that is restricted to executing only after it is
   * called `n` times.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Functions
   * @param {Number} n The number of times the function must be called before
   * it is executed.
   * @param {Function} func The function to restrict.
   * @returns {Function} Returns the new restricted function.
   * @example
   *
   * var renderNotes = _.after(notes.length, render);
   * _.forEach(notes, function(note) {
   *   note.asyncSave({ 'success': renderNotes });
   * });
   * // `renderNotes` is run once, after all notes have saved
   */
  function after(n, func) {
    if (n < 1) {
      return func();
    }
    return function() {
      if (--n < 1) {
        return func.apply(this, arguments);
      }
    };
  }

  /**
   * Creates a function that, when called, invokes `func` with the `this`
   * binding of `thisArg` and prepends any additional `bind` arguments to those
   * passed to the bound function.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Functions
   * @param {Function} func The function to bind.
   * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `func`.
   * @param {Mixed} [arg1, arg2, ...] Arguments to be partially applied.
   * @returns {Function} Returns the new bound function.
   * @example
   *
   * var func = function(greeting) {
   *   return greeting + ' ' + this.name;
   * };
   *
   * func = _.bind(func, { 'name': 'moe' }, 'hi');
   * func();
   * // => 'hi moe'
   */
  function bind(func, thisArg) {
    // use `Function#bind` if it exists and is fast
    // (in V8 `Function#bind` is slower except when partially applied)
    return isBindFast || (nativeBind && arguments.length > 2)
      ? nativeBind.call.apply(nativeBind, arguments)
      : createBound(func, thisArg, slice.call(arguments, 2));
  }

  /**
   * Binds methods on `object` to `object`, overwriting the existing method.
   * If no method names are provided, all the function properties of `object`
   * will be bound.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Functions
   * @param {Object} object The object to bind and assign the bound methods to.
   * @param {String} [methodName1, methodName2, ...] Method names on the object to bind.
   * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
   * @example
   *
   * var buttonView = {
   *  'label': 'lodash',
   *  'onClick': function() { alert('clicked: ' + this.label); }
   * };
   *
   * _.bindAll(buttonView);
   * jQuery('#lodash_button').on('click', buttonView.onClick);
   * // => When the button is clicked, `this.label` will have the correct value
   */
  function bindAll(object) {
    var funcs = arguments,
        index = funcs.length > 1 ? 0 : (funcs = functions(object), -1),
        length = funcs.length;

    while (++index < length) {
      var key = funcs[index];
      object[key] = bind(object[key], object);
    }
    return object;
  }

  /**
   * Creates a function that is the composition of the passed functions,
   * where each function consumes the return value of the function that follows.
   * In math terms, composing the functions `f()`, `g()`, and `h()` produces `f(g(h()))`.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Functions
   * @param {Function} [func1, func2, ...] Functions to compose.
   * @returns {Function} Returns the new composed function.
   * @example
   *
   * var greet = function(name) { return 'hi: ' + name; };
   * var exclaim = function(statement) { return statement + '!'; };
   * var welcome = _.compose(exclaim, greet);
   * welcome('moe');
   * // => 'hi: moe!'
   */
  function compose() {
    var funcs = arguments;
    return function() {
      var args = arguments,
          length = funcs.length;

      while (length--) {
        args = [funcs[length].apply(this, args)];
      }
      return args[0];
    };
  }

  /**
   * Creates a function that will delay the execution of `func` until after
   * `wait` milliseconds have elapsed since the last time it was invoked. Pass
   * `true` for `immediate` to cause debounce to invoke `func` on the leading,
   * instead of the trailing, edge of the `wait` timeout. Subsequent calls to
   * the debounced function will return the result of the last `func` call.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Functions
   * @param {Function} func The function to debounce.
   * @param {Number} wait The number of milliseconds to delay.
   * @param {Boolean} immediate A flag to indicate execution is on the leading
   *  edge of the timeout.
   * @returns {Function} Returns the new debounced function.
   * @example
   *
   * var lazyLayout = _.debounce(calculateLayout, 300);
   * jQuery(window).on('resize', lazyLayout);
   */
  function debounce(func, wait, immediate) {
    var args,
        result,
        thisArg,
        timeoutId;

    function delayed() {
      timeoutId = null;
      if (!immediate) {
        result = func.apply(thisArg, args);
      }
    }
    return function() {
      var isImmediate = immediate && !timeoutId;
      args = arguments;
      thisArg = this;

      clearTimeout(timeoutId);
      timeoutId = setTimeout(delayed, wait);

      if (isImmediate) {
        result = func.apply(thisArg, args);
      }
      return result;
    };
  }

  /**
   * Executes the `func` function after `wait` milliseconds. Additional arguments
   * will be passed to `func` when it is invoked.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Functions
   * @param {Function} func The function to delay.
   * @param {Number} wait The number of milliseconds to delay execution.
   * @param {Mixed} [arg1, arg2, ...] Arguments to invoke the function with.
   * @returns {Number} Returns the `setTimeout` timeout id.
   * @example
   *
   * var log = _.bind(console.log, console);
   * _.delay(log, 1000, 'logged later');
   * // => 'logged later' (Appears after one second.)
   */
  function delay(func, wait) {
    var args = slice.call(arguments, 2);
    return setTimeout(function() { func.apply(undefined, args); }, wait);
  }

  /**
   * Defers executing the `func` function until the current call stack has cleared.
   * Additional arguments will be passed to `func` when it is invoked.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Functions
   * @param {Function} func The function to defer.
   * @param {Mixed} [arg1, arg2, ...] Arguments to invoke the function with.
   * @returns {Number} Returns the `setTimeout` timeout id.
   * @example
   *
   * _.defer(function() { alert('deferred'); });
   * // returns from the function before `alert` is called
   */
  function defer(func) {
    var args = slice.call(arguments, 1);
    return setTimeout(function() { func.apply(undefined, args); }, 1);
  }

  /**
   * Creates a function that, when called, invokes `object[methodName]` and
   * prepends any additional `lateBind` arguments to those passed to the bound
   * function. This method differs from `_.bind` by allowing bound functions to
   * reference methods that will be redefined or don't yet exist.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Functions
   * @param {Object} object The object the method belongs to.
   * @param {String} methodName The method name.
   * @param {Mixed} [arg1, arg2, ...] Arguments to be partially applied.
   * @returns {Function} Returns the new bound function.
   * @example
   *
   * var object = {
   *   'name': 'moe',
   *   'greet': function(greeting) {
   *     return greeting + ' ' + this.name;
   *   }
   * };
   *
   * var func = _.lateBind(object, 'greet', 'hi');
   * func();
   * // => 'hi moe'
   *
   * object.greet = function(greeting) {
   *   return greeting + ', ' + this.name + '!';
   * };
   *
   * func();
   * // => 'hi, moe!'
   */
  function lateBind(object, methodName) {
    return createBound(methodName, object, slice.call(arguments, 2));
  }

  /**
   * Creates a function that memoizes the result of `func`. If `resolver` is
   * passed, it will be used to determine the cache key for storing the result
   * based on the arguments passed to the memoized function. By default, the first
   * argument passed to the memoized function is used as the cache key.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Functions
   * @param {Function} func The function to have its output memoized.
   * @param {Function} [resolver] A function used to resolve the cache key.
   * @returns {Function} Returns the new memoizing function.
   * @example
   *
   * var fibonacci = _.memoize(function(n) {
   *   return n < 2 ? n : fibonacci(n - 1) + fibonacci(n - 2);
   * });
   */
  function memoize(func, resolver) {
    var cache = {};
    return function() {
      var key = resolver ? resolver.apply(this, arguments) : arguments[0];
      return hasOwnProperty.call(cache, key)
        ? cache[key]
        : (cache[key] = func.apply(this, arguments));
    };
  }

  /**
   * Creates a function that is restricted to one execution. Repeat calls to
   * the function will return the value of the first call.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Functions
   * @param {Function} func The function to restrict.
   * @returns {Function} Returns the new restricted function.
   * @example
   *
   * var initialize = _.once(createApplication);
   * initialize();
   * initialize();
   * // Application is only created once.
   */
  function once(func) {
    var result,
        ran = false;

    return function() {
      if (ran) {
        return result;
      }
      ran = true;
      result = func.apply(this, arguments);

      // clear the `func` variable so the function may be garbage collected
      func = null;
      return result;
    };
  }

  /**
   * Creates a function that, when called, invokes `func` with any additional
   * `partial` arguments prepended to those passed to the new function. This method
   * is similar to `bind`, except it does **not** alter the `this` binding.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Functions
   * @param {Function} func The function to partially apply arguments to.
   * @param {Mixed} [arg1, arg2, ...] Arguments to be partially applied.
   * @returns {Function} Returns the new partially applied function.
   * @example
   *
   * var greet = function(greeting, name) { return greeting + ': ' + name; };
   * var hi = _.partial(greet, 'hi');
   * hi('moe');
   * // => 'hi: moe'
   */
  function partial(func) {
    return createBound(func, slice.call(arguments, 1));
  }

  /**
   * Creates a function that, when executed, will only call the `func`
   * function at most once per every `wait` milliseconds. If the throttled
   * function is invoked more than once during the `wait` timeout, `func` will
   * also be called on the trailing edge of the timeout. Subsequent calls to the
   * throttled function will return the result of the last `func` call.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Functions
   * @param {Function} func The function to throttle.
   * @param {Number} wait The number of milliseconds to throttle executions to.
   * @returns {Function} Returns the new throttled function.
   * @example
   *
   * var throttled = _.throttle(updatePosition, 100);
   * jQuery(window).on('scroll', throttled);
   */
  function throttle(func, wait) {
    var args,
        result,
        thisArg,
        timeoutId,
        lastCalled = 0;

    function trailingCall() {
      lastCalled = new Date;
      timeoutId = null;
      result = func.apply(thisArg, args);
    }
    return function() {
      var now = new Date,
          remaining = wait - (now - lastCalled);

      args = arguments;
      thisArg = this;

      if (remaining <= 0) {
        clearTimeout(timeoutId);
        lastCalled = now;
        result = func.apply(thisArg, args);
      }
      else if (!timeoutId) {
        timeoutId = setTimeout(trailingCall, remaining);
      }
      return result;
    };
  }

  /**
   * Creates a function that passes `value` to the `wrapper` function as its
   * first argument. Additional arguments passed to the new function are appended
   * to those passed to the `wrapper` function.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Functions
   * @param {Mixed} value The value to wrap.
   * @param {Function} wrapper The wrapper function.
   * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
   * @example
   *
   * var hello = function(name) { return 'hello ' + name; };
   * hello = _.wrap(hello, function(func) {
   *   return 'before, ' + func('moe') + ', after';
   * });
   * hello();
   * // => 'before, hello moe, after'
   */
  function wrap(value, wrapper) {
    return function() {
      var args = [value];
      push.apply(args, arguments);
      return wrapper.apply(this, args);
    };
  }

  /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

  /**
   * Converts the characters `&`, `<`, `>`, `"`, and `'` in `string` to their
   * corresponding HTML entities.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Utilities
   * @param {String} string The string to escape.
   * @returns {String} Returns the escaped string.
   * @example
   *
   * _.escape('Moe, Larry & Curly');
   * // => "Moe, Larry &amp; Curly"
   */
  function escape(string) {
    return string == null ? '' : (string + '').replace(reUnescapedHtml, escapeHtmlChar);
  }

  /**
   * This function returns the first argument passed to it.
   *
   * Note: It is used throughout Lo-Dash as a default callback.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Utilities
   * @param {Mixed} value Any value.
   * @returns {Mixed} Returns `value`.
   * @example
   *
   * var moe = { 'name': 'moe' };
   * moe === _.identity(moe);
   * // => true
   */
  function identity(value) {
    return value;
  }

  /**
   * Adds functions properties of `object` to the `lodash` function and chainable
   * wrapper.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Utilities
   * @param {Object} object The object of function properties to add to `lodash`.
   * @example
   *
   * _.mixin({
   *   'capitalize': function(string) {
   *     return string.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + string.slice(1).toLowerCase();
   *   }
   * });
   *
   * _.capitalize('larry');
   * // => 'Larry'
   *
   * _('curly').capitalize();
   * // => 'Curly'
   */
  function mixin(object) {
    forEach(functions(object), function(methodName) {
      var func = lodash[methodName] = object[methodName];

      lodash.prototype[methodName] = function() {
        var args = [this.__wrapped__];
        push.apply(args, arguments);

        var result = func.apply(lodash, args);
        if (this.__chain__) {
          result = new lodash(result);
          result.__chain__ = true;
        }
        return result;
      };
    });
  }

  /**
   * Reverts the '_' variable to its previous value and returns a reference to
   * the `lodash` function.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Utilities
   * @returns {Function} Returns the `lodash` function.
   * @example
   *
   * var lodash = _.noConflict();
   */
  function noConflict() {
    window._ = oldDash;
    return this;
  }

  /**
   * Produces a random number between `min` and `max` (inclusive). If only one
   * argument is passed, a number between `0` and the given number will be returned.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Utilities
   * @param {Number} [min=0] The minimum possible value.
   * @param {Number} [max=1] The maximum possible value.
   * @returns {Number} Returns a random number.
   * @example
   *
   * _.random(0, 5);
   * // => a number between 1 and 5
   *
   * _.random(5);
   * // => also a number between 1 and 5
   */
  function random(min, max) {
    if (min == null && max == null) {
      max = 1;
    }
    min = +min || 0;
    if (max == null) {
      max = min;
      min = 0;
    }
    return min + floor(nativeRandom() * ((+max || 0) - min + 1));
  }

  /**
   * Resolves the value of `property` on `object`. If `property` is a function
   * it will be invoked and its result returned, else the property value is
   * returned. If `object` is falsey, then `null` is returned.
   *
   * @deprecated
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Utilities
   * @param {Object} object The object to inspect.
   * @param {String} property The property to get the value of.
   * @returns {Mixed} Returns the resolved value.
   * @example
   *
   * var object = {
   *   'cheese': 'crumpets',
   *   'stuff': function() {
   *     return 'nonsense';
   *   }
   * };
   *
   * _.result(object, 'cheese');
   * // => 'crumpets'
   *
   * _.result(object, 'stuff');
   * // => 'nonsense'
   */
  function result(object, property) {
    // based on Backbone's private `getValue` function
    // https://github.com/documentcloud/backbone/blob/0.9.2/backbone.js#L1419-1424
    var value = object ? object[property] : null;
    return isFunction(value) ? object[property]() : value;
  }

  /**
   * A micro-templating method that handles arbitrary delimiters, preserves
   * whitespace, and correctly escapes quotes within interpolated code.
   *
   * Note: In the development build `_.template` utilizes sourceURLs for easier
   * debugging. See http://www.html5rocks.com/en/tutorials/developertools/sourcemaps/#toc-sourceurl
   *
   * Note: Lo-Dash may be used in Chrome extensions by either creating a `lodash csp`
   * build and avoiding `_.template` use, or loading Lo-Dash in a sandboxed page.
   * See http://developer.chrome.com/trunk/extensions/sandboxingEval.html
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Utilities
   * @param {String} text The template text.
   * @param {Obect} data The data object used to populate the text.
   * @param {Object} options The options object.
   *  escape - The "escape" delimiter regexp.
   *  evaluate - The "evaluate" delimiter regexp.
   *  interpolate - The "interpolate" delimiter regexp.
   *  sourceURL - The sourceURL of the template's compiled source.
   *  variable - The data object variable name.
   *
   * @returns {Function|String} Returns a compiled function when no `data` object
   *  is given, else it returns the interpolated text.
   * @example
   *
   * // using a compiled template
   * var compiled = _.template('hello <%= name %>');
   * compiled({ 'name': 'moe' });
   * // => 'hello moe'
   *
   * var list = '<% _.forEach(people, function(name) { %><li><%= name %></li><% }); %>';
   * _.template(list, { 'people': ['moe', 'larry', 'curly'] });
   * // => '<li>moe</li><li>larry</li><li>curly</li>'
   *
   * // using the "escape" delimiter to escape HTML in data property values
   * _.template('<b><%- value %></b>', { 'value': '<script>' });
   * // => '<b>&lt;script></b>'
   *
   * // using the internal `print` function in "evaluate" delimiters
   * _.template('<% print("hello " + epithet); %>!', { 'epithet': 'stooge' });
   * // => 'hello stooge!'
   *
   * // using custom template delimiters
   * _.templateSettings = {
   *   'interpolate': /\{\{([\s\S]+?)\}\}/g
   * };
   *
   * _.template('hello {{ name }}!', { 'name': 'mustache' });
   * // => 'hello mustache!'
   *
   * // using the `sourceURL` option to specify a custom sourceURL for the template
   * var compiled = _.template('hello <%= name %>', null, { 'sourceURL': '/basic/greeting.jst' });
   * compiled(data);
   * // => find the source of "greeting.jst" under the Sources tab or Resources panel of the web inspector
   *
   * // using the `variable` option to ensure a with-statement isn't used in the compiled template
   * var compiled = _.template('hello <%= data.name %>!', null, { 'variable': 'data' });
   * compiled.source;
   * // => function(data) {
   *   var __t, __p = '', __e = _.escape;
   *   __p += 'hello ' + ((__t = ( data.name )) == null ? '' : __t) + '!';
   *   return __p;
   * }
   *
   * // using the `source` property to inline compiled templates for meaningful
   * // line numbers in error messages and a stack trace
   * fs.writeFileSync(path.join(cwd, 'jst.js'), '\
   *   var JST = {\
   *     "main": ' + _.template(mainText).source + '\
   *   };\
   * ');
   */
  function template(text, data, options) {
    // based on John Resig's `tmpl` implementation
    // http://ejohn.org/blog/javascript-micro-templating/
    // and Laura Doktorova's doT.js
    // https://github.com/olado/doT
    text || (text = '');
    options || (options = {});

    var isEvaluating,
        result,
        index = 0,
        settings = lodash.templateSettings,
        source = "__p += '",
        variable = options.variable || settings.variable,
        hasVariable = variable;

    // compile regexp to match each delimiter
    var reDelimiters = RegExp(
      (options.escape || settings.escape || reNoMatch).source + '|' +
      (options.interpolate || settings.interpolate || reNoMatch).source + '|' +
      (options.evaluate || settings.evaluate || reNoMatch).source + '|$'
    , 'g');

    text.replace(reDelimiters, function(match, escapeValue, interpolateValue, evaluateValue, offset) {
      // escape characters that cannot be included in string literals
      source += text.slice(index, offset).replace(reUnescapedString, escapeStringChar);

      // replace delimiters with snippets
      source +=
        escapeValue ? "' +\n__e(" + escapeValue + ") +\n'" :
        evaluateValue ? "';\n" + evaluateValue + ";\n__p += '" :
        interpolateValue ? "' +\n((__t = (" + interpolateValue + ")) == null ? '' : __t) +\n'" : '';

      isEvaluating || (isEvaluating = evaluateValue || reComplexDelimiter.test(escapeValue || interpolateValue));
      index = offset + match.length;
    });

    source += "';\n";

    // if `variable` is not specified and the template contains "evaluate"
    // delimiters, wrap a with-statement around the generated code to add the
    // data object to the top of the scope chain
    if (!hasVariable) {
      variable = 'obj';
      if (isEvaluating) {
        source = 'with (' + variable + ') {\n' + source + '\n}\n';
      }
      else {
        // avoid a with-statement by prepending data object references to property names
        var reDoubleVariable = RegExp('(\\(\\s*)' + variable + '\\.' + variable + '\\b', 'g');
        source = source
          .replace(reInsertVariable, '$&' + variable + '.')
          .replace(reDoubleVariable, '$1__d');
      }
    }

    // cleanup code by stripping empty strings
    source = (isEvaluating ? source.replace(reEmptyStringLeading, '') : source)
      .replace(reEmptyStringMiddle, '$1')
      .replace(reEmptyStringTrailing, '$1;');

    // frame code as the function body
    source = 'function(' + variable + ') {\n' +
      (hasVariable ? '' : variable + ' || (' + variable + ' = {});\n') +
      'var __t, __p = \'\', __e = _.escape' +
      (isEvaluating
        ? ', __j = Array.prototype.join;\n' +
          'function print() { __p += __j.call(arguments, \'\') }\n'
        : (hasVariable ? '' : ', __d = ' + variable + '.' + variable + ' || ' + variable) + ';\n'
      ) +
      source +
      'return __p\n}';

    // use a sourceURL for easier debugging
    // http://www.html5rocks.com/en/tutorials/developertools/sourcemaps/#toc-sourceurl
    var sourceURL = useSourceURL
      ? '\n//@ sourceURL=' + (options.sourceURL || '/lodash/template/source[' + (templateCounter++) + ']')
      : '';

    try {
      result = Function('_', 'return ' + source + sourceURL)(lodash);
    } catch(e) {
      e.source = source;
      throw e;
    }

    if (data) {
      return result(data);
    }
    // provide the compiled function's source via its `toString` method, in
    // supported environments, or the `source` property as a convenience for
    // inlining compiled templates during the build process
    result.source = source;
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * Executes the `callback` function `n` times, returning an array of the results
   * of each `callback` execution. The `callback` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked
   * with one argument; (index).
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Utilities
   * @param {Number} n The number of times to execute the callback.
   * @param {Function} callback The function called per iteration.
   * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
   * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of the results of each `callback` execution.
   * @example
   *
   * var diceRolls = _.times(3, _.partial(_.random, 1, 6));
   * // => [3, 6, 4]
   *
   * _.times(3, function(n) { mage.castSpell(n); });
   * // => calls `mage.castSpell(n)` three times, passing `n` of `0`, `1`, and `2` respectively
   *
   * _.times(3, function(n) { this.cast(n); }, mage);
   * // => also calls `mage.castSpell(n)` three times
   */
  function times(n, callback, thisArg) {
    n = +n || 0;
    var index = -1,
        result = Array(n);

    while (++index < n) {
      result[index] = callback.call(thisArg, index);
    }
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * The opposite of `_.escape`, this method converts the HTML entities
   * `&amp;`, `&lt;`, `&gt;`, `&quot;`, and `&#x27;` in `string` to their
   * corresponding characters.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Utilities
   * @param {String} string The string to unescape.
   * @returns {String} Returns the unescaped string.
   * @example
   *
   * _.unescape('Moe, Larry &amp; Curly');
   * // => "Moe, Larry & Curly"
   */
  function unescape(string) {
    return string == null ? '' : (string + '').replace(reEscapedHtml, unescapeHtmlChar);
  }

  /**
   * Generates a unique id. If `prefix` is passed, the id will be appended to it.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Utilities
   * @param {String} [prefix] The value to prefix the id with.
   * @returns {Number|String} Returns a numeric id if no prefix is passed, else
   *  a string id may be returned.
   * @example
   *
   * _.uniqueId('contact_');
   * // => 'contact_104'
   */
  function uniqueId(prefix) {
    var id = idCounter++;
    return prefix ? prefix + id : id;
  }

  /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

  /**
   * Wraps the value in a `lodash` wrapper object.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Chaining
   * @param {Mixed} value The value to wrap.
   * @returns {Object} Returns the wrapper object.
   * @example
   *
   * var stooges = [
   *   { 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 },
   *   { 'name': 'larry', 'age': 50 },
   *   { 'name': 'curly', 'age': 60 }
   * ];
   *
   * var youngest = _.chain(stooges)
   *     .sortBy(function(stooge) { return stooge.age; })
   *     .map(function(stooge) { return stooge.name + ' is ' + stooge.age; })
   *     .first()
   *     .value();
   * // => 'moe is 40'
   */
  function chain(value) {
    value = new lodash(value);
    value.__chain__ = true;
    return value;
  }

  /**
   * Invokes `interceptor` with the `value` as the first argument, and then
   * returns `value`. The purpose of this method is to "tap into" a method chain,
   * in order to perform operations on intermediate results within the chain.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Chaining
   * @param {Mixed} value The value to pass to `interceptor`.
   * @param {Function} interceptor The function to invoke.
   * @returns {Mixed} Returns `value`.
   * @example
   *
   * _.chain([1, 2, 3, 200])
   *  .filter(function(num) { return num % 2 == 0; })
   *  .tap(alert)
   *  .map(function(num) { return num * num })
   *  .value();
   * // => // [2, 200] (alerted)
   * // => [4, 40000]
   */
  function tap(value, interceptor) {
    interceptor(value);
    return value;
  }

  /**
   * Enables method chaining on the wrapper object.
   *
   * @name chain
   * @deprecated
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Chaining
   * @returns {Mixed} Returns the wrapper object.
   * @example
   *
   * _([1, 2, 3]).value();
   * // => [1, 2, 3]
   */
  function wrapperChain() {
    this.__chain__ = true;
    return this;
  }

  /**
   * Extracts the wrapped value.
   *
   * @name value
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Chaining
   * @returns {Mixed} Returns the wrapped value.
   * @example
   *
   * _([1, 2, 3]).value();
   * // => [1, 2, 3]
   */
  function wrapperValue() {
    return this.__wrapped__;
  }

  /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

  /**
   * The semantic version number.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @type String
   */
  lodash.VERSION = '0.9.0';

  // assign static methods
  lodash.after = after;
  lodash.bind = bind;
  lodash.bindAll = bindAll;
  lodash.chain = chain;
  lodash.clone = clone;
  lodash.compact = compact;
  lodash.compose = compose;
  lodash.contains = contains;
  lodash.countBy = countBy;
  lodash.debounce = debounce;
  lodash.defaults = defaults;
  lodash.defer = defer;
  lodash.delay = delay;
  lodash.difference = difference;
  lodash.escape = escape;
  lodash.every = every;
  lodash.extend = extend;
  lodash.filter = filter;
  lodash.find = find;
  lodash.first = first;
  lodash.flatten = flatten;
  lodash.forEach = forEach;
  lodash.forIn = forIn;
  lodash.forOwn = forOwn;
  lodash.functions = functions;
  lodash.groupBy = groupBy;
  lodash.has = has;
  lodash.identity = identity;
  lodash.indexOf = indexOf;
  lodash.initial = initial;
  lodash.intersection = intersection;
  lodash.invert = invert;
  lodash.invoke = invoke;
  lodash.isArguments = isArguments;
  lodash.isArray = isArray;
  lodash.isBoolean = isBoolean;
  lodash.isDate = isDate;
  lodash.isElement = isElement;
  lodash.isEmpty = isEmpty;
  lodash.isEqual = isEqual;
  lodash.isFinite = isFinite;
  lodash.isFunction = isFunction;
  lodash.isNaN = isNaN;
  lodash.isNull = isNull;
  lodash.isNumber = isNumber;
  lodash.isObject = isObject;
  lodash.isPlainObject = isPlainObject;
  lodash.isRegExp = isRegExp;
  lodash.isString = isString;
  lodash.isUndefined = isUndefined;
  lodash.keys = keys;
  lodash.last = last;
  lodash.lastIndexOf = lastIndexOf;
  lodash.lateBind = lateBind;
  lodash.map = map;
  lodash.max = max;
  lodash.memoize = memoize;
  lodash.merge = merge;
  lodash.min = min;
  lodash.mixin = mixin;
  lodash.noConflict = noConflict;
  lodash.object = object;
  lodash.omit = omit;
  lodash.once = once;
  lodash.pairs = pairs;
  lodash.partial = partial;
  lodash.pick = pick;
  lodash.pluck = pluck;
  lodash.random = random;
  lodash.range = range;
  lodash.reduce = reduce;
  lodash.reduceRight = reduceRight;
  lodash.reject = reject;
  lodash.rest = rest;
  lodash.result = result;
  lodash.shuffle = shuffle;
  lodash.size = size;
  lodash.some = some;
  lodash.sortBy = sortBy;
  lodash.sortedIndex = sortedIndex;
  lodash.tap = tap;
  lodash.template = template;
  lodash.throttle = throttle;
  lodash.times = times;
  lodash.toArray = toArray;
  lodash.unescape = unescape;
  lodash.union = union;
  lodash.uniq = uniq;
  lodash.uniqueId = uniqueId;
  lodash.values = values;
  lodash.where = where;
  lodash.without = without;
  lodash.wrap = wrap;
  lodash.zip = zip;

  // assign aliases
  lodash.all = every;
  lodash.any = some;
  lodash.collect = map;
  lodash.detect = find;
  lodash.drop = rest;
  lodash.each = forEach;
  lodash.foldl = reduce;
  lodash.foldr = reduceRight;
  lodash.head = first;
  lodash.include = contains;
  lodash.inject = reduce;
  lodash.methods = functions;
  lodash.select = filter;
  lodash.tail = rest;
  lodash.take = first;
  lodash.unique = uniq;

  // add pseudo private property to be used and removed during the build process
  lodash._iteratorTemplate = iteratorTemplate;

  /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

  // add all static functions to `lodash.prototype`
  mixin(lodash);

  // add `lodash.prototype.chain` after calling `mixin()` to avoid overwriting
  // it with the wrapped `lodash.chain`
  lodash.prototype.chain = wrapperChain;
  lodash.prototype.value = wrapperValue;

  // add all mutator Array functions to the wrapper.
  forEach(['pop', 'push', 'reverse', 'shift', 'sort', 'splice', 'unshift'], function(methodName) {
    var func = arrayRef[methodName];

    lodash.prototype[methodName] = function() {
      var value = this.__wrapped__;
      func.apply(value, arguments);

      // avoid array-like object bugs with `Array#shift` and `Array#splice` in
      // Firefox < 10 and IE < 9
      if (hasObjectSpliceBug && value.length === 0) {
        delete value[0];
      }
      if (this.__chain__) {
        value = new lodash(value);
        value.__chain__ = true;
      }
      return value;
    };
  });

  // add all accessor Array functions to the wrapper.
  forEach(['concat', 'join', 'slice'], function(methodName) {
    var func = arrayRef[methodName];

    lodash.prototype[methodName] = function() {
      var value = this.__wrapped__,
          result = func.apply(value, arguments);

      if (this.__chain__) {
        result = new lodash(result);
        result.__chain__ = true;
      }
      return result;
    };
  });

  /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

  // expose Lo-Dash
  // some AMD build optimizers, like r.js, check for specific condition patterns like the following:
  if (typeof define == 'function' && typeof define.amd == 'object' && define.amd) {
    // Expose Lo-Dash to the global object even when an AMD loader is present in
    // case Lo-Dash was injected by a third-party script and not intended to be
    // loaded as a module. The global assignment can be reverted in the Lo-Dash
    // module via its `noConflict()` method.
    window._ = lodash;

    // define as an anonymous module so, through path mapping, it can be
    // referenced as the "underscore" module
    define(function() {
      return lodash;
    });
  }
  // check for `exports` after `define` in case a build optimizer adds an `exports` object
  else if (freeExports) {
    // in Node.js or RingoJS v0.8.0+
    if (typeof module == 'object' && module && module.exports == freeExports) {
      (module.exports = lodash)._ = lodash;
    }
    // in Narwhal or RingoJS v0.7.0-
    else {
      freeExports._ = lodash;
    }
  }
  else {
    // in a browser or Rhino
    window._ = lodash;
  }
}(this));
//   Math.js

(function() {

  var math = this.math = {};

  // Arithmetic mean
  // math.mean([1,2,3])
  //   => 2
  math.mean = math.ave = math.average = function(obj, key) {
    return math.sum(obj, key) / _(obj).size();
  };

  // math.median([1,2,3,4])
  //   => 2.5
  //   TODO {}, [{}]
  math.median = function(arr) {
    var middle = (arr.length + 1) /2;
    var sorted = math.sort(arr);
    return (sorted.length % 2) ? sorted[middle - 1] : (sorted[middle - 1.5] + sorted[middle - 0.5]) / 2;
  };

  // Power, exponent
  // math.pow(2,3)
  //   => 8
  math.pow = function(x, n) {
     if (_.isNumber(x))
        return Math.pow(x, n);
     if (_.isArray(x))
        return _.map(x, function(i) { return _.pow(i,n); });
  };

  // Scale to max value
  // math.scale(1,[2,5,10])
  //   => [ 0.2, 0.5, 1]
  math.scale = function(arr, max) {
    var max = max || 1;
    var max0 = _.max(arr);
    return _.map(arr, function(i) { return i * (max/max0); });
  };

  // Slope between two points
  // math.slope([0,0],[1,2])
  //   => 2
  math.slope = function(x, y) {
    return (y[1] - x[1]) / (y[0]-x[0]);
  };

  // Numeric sort
  // math.sort([3,1,2])
  //   => [1,2,3]
  math.sort = function(arr) {
    return arr.sort(function(a, b){
      return a - b;
    });
  };

   // math.stdDeviation([1,2,3])
  //   => 0.816496580927726
  math.stdDeviation = math.sigma = function(arr) {
    return Math.sqrt(_(arr).variance());
  };

  // Sum of array
  // math.sum([1,2,3])
  //   => 6
  // math.sum([{b: 4},{b: 5},{b: 6}], 'b')
  //   => 15
  math.sum = function(obj, key) {
    if (_.isArray(obj) && typeof obj[0] === 'number') {
      var arr = obj;
    } else {
      var key = key || 'value';
      var arr = _(obj).pluck(key);
    }
    var val = 0;
    for (var i=0, len = arr.length; i<len; i++)
      val += arr[i];
    return val;
  };

  // math.transpose(([1,2,3], [4,5,6], [7,8,9]])
  //   => [[1,4,7], [2,5,8], [3,6,9]]
  math.transpose = function(arr) {
    var trans = [];
    _(arr).each(function(row, y){
      _(row).each(function(col, x){
        if (!trans[x]) trans[x] = [];
        trans[x][y] = col;
      });
    });
    return trans;
  };
 
  // math.variance([1,2,3])
  //   => 2/3
  math.variance = function(arr) {
    var mean = _(arr).mean();
    return _(arr).chain().map(function(x) { return _(x-mean).pow(2); }).mean().value();
  };
  
  _.mixin(math);

})();
(function(root){

  // Let's borrow a couple of things from Underscore that we'll need

  // _.each
  var breaker = {},
      AP = Array.prototype,
      OP = Object.prototype,

      hasOwn = OP.hasOwnProperty,
      toString = OP.toString,
      forEach = AP.forEach,
      indexOf = AP.indexOf,
      slice = AP.slice;

  var _each = function( obj, iterator, context ) {
    var key, i, l;

    if ( !obj ) {
      return;
    }
    if ( forEach && obj.forEach === forEach ) {
      obj.forEach( iterator, context );
    } else if ( obj.length === +obj.length ) {
      for ( i = 0, l = obj.length; i < l; i++ ) {
        if ( i in obj && iterator.call( context, obj[i], i, obj ) === breaker ) {
          return;
        }
      }
    } else {
      for ( key in obj ) {
        if ( hasOwn.call( obj, key ) ) {
          if ( iterator.call( context, obj[key], key, obj) === breaker ) {
            return;
          }
        }
      }
    }
  };

  // _.isFunction
  var _isFunction = function( obj ) {
    return !!(obj && obj.constructor && obj.call && obj.apply);
  };

  // _.extend
  var _extend = function( obj ) {

    _each( slice.call( arguments, 1), function( source ) {
      var prop;

      for ( prop in source ) {
        if ( source[prop] !== void 0 ) {
          obj[ prop ] = source[ prop ];
        }
      }
    });
    return obj;
  };

  // $.inArray
  var _inArray = function( elem, arr, i ) {
    var len;

    if ( arr ) {
      if ( indexOf ) {
        return indexOf.call( arr, elem, i );
      }

      len = arr.length;
      i = i ? i < 0 ? Math.max( 0, len + i ) : i : 0;

      for ( ; i < len; i++ ) {
        // Skip accessing in sparse arrays
        if ( i in arr && arr[ i ] === elem ) {
          return i;
        }
      }
    }

    return -1;
  };

  // And some jQuery specific helpers

  var class2type = {};

  // Populate the class2type map
  _each("Boolean Number String Function Array Date RegExp Object".split(" "), function(name, i) {
    class2type[ "[object " + name + "]" ] = name.toLowerCase();
  });

  var _type = function( obj ) {
    return obj == null ?
      String( obj ) :
      class2type[ toString.call(obj) ] || "object";
  };

  // Now start the jQuery-cum-Underscore implementation. Some very
  // minor changes to the jQuery source to get this working.

  // Internal Deferred namespace
  var _d = {};
  // String to Object options format cache
  var optionsCache = {};

  // Convert String-formatted options into Object-formatted ones and store in cache
  function createOptions( options ) {
    var object = optionsCache[ options ] = {};
    _each( options.split( /\s+/ ), function( flag ) {
      object[ flag ] = true;
    });
    return object;
  }

  _d.Callbacks = function( options ) {

    // Convert options from String-formatted to Object-formatted if needed
    // (we check in cache first)
    options = typeof options === "string" ?
      ( optionsCache[ options ] || createOptions( options ) ) :
      _extend( {}, options );

    var // Last fire value (for non-forgettable lists)
      memory,
      // Flag to know if list was already fired
      fired,
      // Flag to know if list is currently firing
      firing,
      // First callback to fire (used internally by add and fireWith)
      firingStart,
      // End of the loop when firing
      firingLength,
      // Index of currently firing callback (modified by remove if needed)
      firingIndex,
      // Actual callback list
      list = [],
      // Stack of fire calls for repeatable lists
      stack = !options.once && [],
      // Fire callbacks
      fire = function( data ) {
        memory = options.memory && data;
        fired = true;
        firingIndex = firingStart || 0;
        firingStart = 0;
        firingLength = list.length;
        firing = true;
        for ( ; list && firingIndex < firingLength; firingIndex++ ) {
          if ( list[ firingIndex ].apply( data[ 0 ], data[ 1 ] ) === false && options.stopOnFalse ) {
            memory = false; // To prevent further calls using add
            break;
          }
        }
        firing = false;
        if ( list ) {
          if ( stack ) {
            if ( stack.length ) {
              fire( stack.shift() );
            }
          } else if ( memory ) {
            list = [];
          } else {
            self.disable();
          }
        }
      },
      // Actual Callbacks object
      self = {
        // Add a callback or a collection of callbacks to the list
        add: function() {
          if ( list ) {
            // First, we save the current length
            var start = list.length;
            (function add( args ) {
              _each( args, function( arg ) {
                var type = _type( arg );
                if ( type === "function" && ( !options.unique || !self.has( arg ) ) ) {
                  list.push( arg );
                } else if ( arg && arg.length && type !== "string" ) {
                  // Inspect recursively
                  add( arg );
                }
              });
            })( arguments );
            // Do we need to add the callbacks to the
            // current firing batch?
            if ( firing ) {
              firingLength = list.length;
            // With memory, if we're not firing then
            // we should call right away
            } else if ( memory ) {
              firingStart = start;
              fire( memory );
            }
          }
          return this;
        },
        // Remove a callback from the list
        remove: function() {
          if ( list ) {
            _each( arguments, function( arg ) {
              var index;
              while( ( index = _inArray( arg, list, index ) ) > -1 ) {
                list.splice( index, 1 );
                // Handle firing indexes
                if ( firing ) {
                  if ( index <= firingLength ) {
                    firingLength--;
                  }
                  if ( index <= firingIndex ) {
                    firingIndex--;
                  }
                }
              }
            });
          }
          return this;
        },
        // Control if a given callback is in the list
        has: function( fn ) {
          return _inArray( fn, list ) > -1;
        },
        // Remove all callbacks from the list
        empty: function() {
          list = [];
          return this;
        },
        // Have the list do nothing anymore
        disable: function() {
          list = stack = memory = undefined;
          return this;
        },
        // Is it disabled?
        disabled: function() {
          return !list;
        },
        // Lock the list in its current state
        lock: function() {
          stack = undefined;
          if ( !memory ) {
            self.disable();
          }
          return this;
        },
        // Is it locked?
        locked: function() {
          return !stack;
        },
        // Call all callbacks with the given context and arguments
        fireWith: function( context, args ) {
          args = args || [];
          args = [ context, args.slice ? args.slice() : args ];
          if ( list && ( !fired || stack ) ) {
            if ( firing ) {
              stack.push( args );
            } else {
              fire( args );
            }
          }
          return this;
        },
        // Call all the callbacks with the given arguments
        fire: function() {
          self.fireWith( this, arguments );
          return this;
        },
        // To know if the callbacks have already been called at least once
        fired: function() {
          return !!fired;
        }
      };

    return self;
  };

  _d.Deferred = function( func ) {

    var tuples = [
        // action, add listener, listener list, final state
        [ "resolve", "done", _d.Callbacks("once memory"), "resolved" ],
        [ "reject", "fail", _d.Callbacks("once memory"), "rejected" ],
        [ "notify", "progress", _d.Callbacks("memory") ]
      ],
      state = "pending",
      promise = {
        state: function() {
          return state;
        },
        always: function() {
          deferred.done( arguments ).fail( arguments );
          return this;
        },
        then: function( /* fnDone, fnFail, fnProgress */ ) {
          var fns = arguments;
          return _d.Deferred(function( newDefer ) {
            _each( tuples, function( tuple, i ) {
              var action = tuple[ 0 ],
                fn = fns[ i ];
              // deferred[ done | fail | progress ] for forwarding actions to newDefer
              deferred[ tuple[1] ]( _isFunction( fn ) ?
                function() {
                  var returned = fn.apply( this, arguments );
                  if ( returned && _isFunction( returned.promise ) ) {
                    returned.promise()
                      .done( newDefer.resolve )
                      .fail( newDefer.reject )
                      .progress( newDefer.notify );
                  } else {
                    newDefer[ action + "With" ]( this === deferred ? newDefer : this, [ returned ] );
                  }
                } :
                newDefer[ action ]
              );
            });
            fns = null;
          }).promise();
        },
        // Get a promise for this deferred
        // If obj is provided, the promise aspect is added to the object
        promise: function( obj ) {
          return typeof obj === "object" ? _extend( obj, promise ) : promise;
        }
      },
      deferred = {};

    // Keep pipe for back-compat
    promise.pipe = promise.then;

    // Add list-specific methods
    _each( tuples, function( tuple, i ) {
      var list = tuple[ 2 ],
        stateString = tuple[ 3 ];

      // promise[ done | fail | progress ] = list.add
      promise[ tuple[1] ] = list.add;

      // Handle state
      if ( stateString ) {
        list.add(function() {
          // state = [ resolved | rejected ]
          state = stateString;

        // [ reject_list | resolve_list ].disable; progress_list.lock
        }, tuples[ i ^ 1 ][ 2 ].disable, tuples[ 2 ][ 2 ].lock );
      }

      // deferred[ resolve | reject | notify ] = list.fire
      deferred[ tuple[0] ] = list.fire;
      deferred[ tuple[0] + "With" ] = list.fireWith;
    });

    // Make the deferred a promise
    promise.promise( deferred );

    // Call given func if any
    if ( func ) {
      func.call( deferred, deferred );
    }

    // All done!
    return deferred;
  };

    // Deferred helper
    _d.when = function( subordinate /* , ..., subordinateN */ ) {
    var i = 0,
      resolveValues = slice.call( arguments ),
      length = resolveValues.length,

      // the count of uncompleted subordinates
      remaining = length !== 1 || ( subordinate && _isFunction( subordinate.promise ) ) ? length : 0,

      // the master Deferred. If resolveValues consist of only a single Deferred, just use that.
      deferred = remaining === 1 ? subordinate : _d.Deferred(),

      // Update function for both resolve and progress values
      updateFunc = function( i, contexts, values ) {
        return function( value ) {
          contexts[ i ] = this;
          values[ i ] = arguments.length > 1 ? slice.call( arguments ) : value;
          if( values === progressValues ) {
            deferred.notifyWith( contexts, values );
          } else if ( !( --remaining ) ) {
            deferred.resolveWith( contexts, values );
          }
        };
      },

      progressValues, progressContexts, resolveContexts;

    // add listeners to Deferred subordinates; treat others as resolved
    if ( length > 1 ) {
      progressValues = new Array( length );
      progressContexts = new Array( length );
      resolveContexts = new Array( length );
      for ( ; i < length; i++ ) {
        if ( resolveValues[ i ] && _isFunction( resolveValues[ i ].promise ) ) {
          resolveValues[ i ].promise()
            .done( updateFunc( i, resolveContexts, resolveValues ) )
            .fail( deferred.reject )
            .progress( updateFunc( i, progressContexts, progressValues ) );
        } else {
          --remaining;
        }
      }
    }

    // if we're not waiting on anything, resolve the master
    if ( !remaining ) {
      deferred.resolveWith( resolveContexts, resolveValues );
    }

    return deferred.promise();
  };

  // Try exporting as a Common.js Module
  if ( typeof module !== "undefined" && module.exports ) {
    module.exports = _d;

  // Or mixin to Underscore.js
  } else if ( typeof root._ !== "undefined" ) {
    root._.mixin(_d);

  // Or assign it to window._
  } else {
    root._ = _d;
  }

})(this);
(function(global, _) {

  var Miso = global.Miso = (global.Miso || {});

  /**
  * Miso Events is a small set of methods that can be mixed into any object
  * to make it evented. It allows one to then subscribe to specific object events,
  * to publish events, unsubscribe and subscribeOnce.
  */
  Miso.Events = {

    /**
    * Triggers a specific event and passes any additional arguments
    * to the callbacks subscribed to that event.
    * Params:
    *   name - the name of the event to trigger
    *   .* - any additional arguments to pass to callbacks.
    */
    publish : function(name) {
      var args = _.toArray(arguments);
      args.shift();

      if (this._events && this._events[name]) {
        _.each(this._events[name], function(subscription) {
          subscription.callback.apply(subscription.context || this, args);
        }, this);
      }
      return this;
    },

    /**
    * Allows subscribing on an evented object to a specific name.
    * Provide a callback to trigger.
    * Params:
    *   name - event to subscribe to
    *   callback - callback to trigger
    *   options - optional arguments
    *     priority - allows rearranging of existing callbacks based on priority
    *     context - allows attaching diff context to callback
    *     token - allows callback identification by token.
    */
    subscribe : function(name, callback, options) {
      options = options || {};
      this._events = this._events || {};
      this._events[name] = this._events[name] || [];

      var subscription = {
        callback : callback,
        priority : options.priority || 0, 
        token : options.token || _.uniqueId('t'),
        context : options.context || this
      };
      var position;
      _.each(this._events[name], function(event, index) {
        if (!_.isUndefined(position)) { return; }
        if (event.priority <= subscription.priority) {
          position = index;
        }
      });

      this._events[name].splice(position, 0, subscription);
      return subscription.token;
    },

    /**
    * Allows subscribing to an event once. When the event is triggered
    * this subscription will be removed.
    * Params:
    *   name - name of event
    *   callback - The callback to trigger
    *   options - optional arguments
    *     priority - allows rearranging of existing callbacks based on priority
    *     context - allows attaching diff context to callback
    *     token - allows callback identification by token.
    */
    subscribeOnce : function(name, callback, options) {
      this._events = this._events || {};
      options = options || {};
      var self = this;

      if (typeof options.token === "undefined") {
        options.token = _.uniqueId('t');
      }

      return this.subscribe(name, function() {
        self.unsubscribe(name, { token : options.token });
        callback.apply(this, arguments);
      }, options);
    },

    /**
    * Allows unsubscribing from a specific event
    * Params:
    *   name - event to unsubscribe from
    *   identifier - callback to remove OR token.
    */
    unsubscribe : function(name, identifier) {

      if (_.isUndefined(this._events[name])) { return this; }

      if (_.isFunction(identifier)) {
        this._events[name] = _.reject(this._events[name], function(b) {
          return b.callback === identifier;
        });

      } else if ( _.isString(identifier)) {
        this._events[name] = _.reject(this._events[name], function(b) {
          return b.token === identifier;
        });

      } else {
        this._events[name] = [];
      }
      return this;
    }

  };

}(this, _));

/**
* Miso.Dataset - v0.4.1 - 3/13/2013
* http://github.com/misoproject/dataset
* Copyright (c) 2013 Alex Graul, Irene Ros;
* Dual Licensed: MIT, GPL
* https://github.com/misoproject/dataset/blob/master/LICENSE-MIT 
* https://github.com/misoproject/dataset/blob/master/LICENSE-GPL 
*/
(function(global) {

/**
  * Instantiates a new dataset.
  * Parameters:
  * options - optional parameters.
  *   data : "Object - an actual javascript object that already contains the data",
  *   url : "String - url to fetch data from",
  *   sync : Set to true to be able to bind to dataset changes. False by default.
  *   jsonp : "boolean - true if this is a jsonp request",
  *   delimiter : "String - a delimiter string that is used in a tabular datafile",
  *   strict : "Whether to expect the json in our format or whether to interpret as raw array of objects, default false",
  *   extract : "function to apply to JSON before internal interpretation, optional"
  *   ready : the callback function to act on once the data is fetched. Isn't reuired for local imports
  *           but is required for remote url fetching.
  *   columns: A way to manually override column type detection. Expects an array of
  *            objects of the following structure:
  *           { name : 'columnname', type: 'columntype',
  *             ... (additional params required for type here.) }
  *   comparator : function (optional) - takes two rows and returns 1, 0, or -1  if row1 is
  *     before, equal or after row2.
  *   deferred : by default we use underscore.deferred, but if you want to pass your own (like jquery's) just
  *              pass it here.
  *   importer : The classname of any importer (passes through auto detection based on parameters.
  *              For example: <code>Miso.Importers.Polling</code>.
  *   parser   : The classname of any parser (passes through auto detection based on parameters.
  *              For example: <code>Miso.Parsers.Delimited</code>.
  *   resetOnFetch : set to true if any subsequent fetches after first one should overwrite the
  *                  current data.
  *   uniqueAgainst : Set to a column name to check for duplication on subsequent fetches.
  *   interval : Polling interval. Set to any value in milliseconds to enable polling on a url.
  }
  */
  global.Miso = global.Miso || {};
  global.Miso.Dataset = function(options) {
    
    options = options || {};

    this.length = 0;
    
    this._columns = [];
    this._columnPositionByName = {};
    this._computedColumns = [];
    
    this._initialize(options);
  };
}(this));

(function(global, _) {

  var Miso = global.Miso || (global.Miso = {});
  var Dataset = global.Miso.Dataset;

  /**
  * A single column in a dataset
  * Parameters:
  *   options
  *     name
  *     type (from Miso.types)
  *     data (optional)
  *     before (a pre coercion formatter)
  *     format (for time type.)
  *     any additional arguments here..
  * Returns:
  *   new Miso.Column
  */
  Dataset.Column = function(options) {
    _.extend(this, options);
    this._id = options.id || _.uniqueId();
    this.data = options.data || [];
    return this;
  };

  _.extend(Dataset.Column.prototype, {

    /**
    * Converts any value to this column's type for a given position
    * in some source array.
    * Parameters:
    *   value
    * Returns: 
    *   number
    */
    toNumeric : function(value) {
      return Dataset.types[this.type].numeric(value);
    },

    /**
    * Returns the numeric representation of a datum at any index in this 
    * column.
    * Parameters:
    *   index - position in data array
    * Returns
    *   number
    */
    numericAt : function(index) {
      return this.toNumeric(this.data[index]);
    },

    /**
    * Coerces the entire column's data to the column type.
    */
    coerce : function() {
      this.data = _.map(this.data, function(datum) {
        return Dataset.types[this.type].coerce(datum, this);
      }, this);
    },

    /**
    * If this is a computed column, it calculates the value
    * for this column and adds it to the data.
    * Parameters:
    *   row - the row from which column is computed.
    *   i - Optional. the index at which this value will get added.
    * Returns
    *   val - the computed value
    */
    compute : function(row, i) {
      if (this.func) {
        var val = this.func(row);
        if (typeof i !== "undefined") {
          this.data[i] = val;  
        } else {
          this.data.push(val);
        }
        
        return val;
      }
    },

    /**
    * returns true if this is a computed column. False otherwise.
    */
    isComputed : function() {
      return !_.isUndefined(this.func);
    },

    _sum : function() {
      return _.sum(this.data);
    },

    _mean : function() {
      var m = 0;
      for (var j = 0; j < this.data.length; j++) {
        m += this.numericAt(j);
      }
      m /= this.data.length;
      return Dataset.types[this.type].coerce(m, this);
    },

    _median : function() {
      return Dataset.types[this.type].coerce(_.median(this.data), this);
    },

    _max : function() {
      var max = -Infinity;
      for (var j = 0; j < this.data.length; j++) {
        if (this.data[j] !== null) {
          if (Dataset.types[this.type].compare(this.data[j], max) > 0) {
            max = this.numericAt(j);
          }  
        }
      }

      return Dataset.types[this.type].coerce(max, this);
    },

    _min : function() {
      var min = Infinity;
      for (var j = 0; j < this.data.length; j++) {
        if (this.data[j] !== null) {
          if (Dataset.types[this.type].compare(this.data[j], min) < 0) {
            min = this.numericAt(j);
          }  
        }
      }
      return Dataset.types[this.type].coerce(min, this);
    }
  });

  /**
  * Creates a new view.
  * Parameters
  *   options - initialization parameters:
  *     parent : parent dataset
  *     filter : filter specification TODO: document better
  *       columns : column name or multiple names
  *       rows : rowId or function
  * Returns
  *   new Miso.Dataview.
  */
  Dataset.DataView = function(options) {
    if (typeof options !== "undefined") {
      options = options || (options = {});

      if (_.isUndefined(options.parent)) {
        throw new Error("A view must have a parent specified.");
      } 
      this.parent = options.parent;
      this._initialize(options);
    }
  };

  _.extend(Dataset.DataView.prototype, {

    _initialize: function(options) {
      
      // is this a syncable dataset? if so, pull
      // required methoMiso and mark this as a syncable dataset.
      if (this.parent.syncable === true) {
        _.extend(this, Miso.Events);
        this.syncable = true;
      }

      this.idAttribute = this.parent.idAttribute;

      // save filter
      this.filter = { };
      this.filter.columns = _.bind(this._columnFilter(options.filter.columns || undefined), this);
      this.filter.rows = _.bind(this._rowFilter(options.filter.rows || undefined), this);
      
      // initialize columns.
      this._columns = this._selectData();

      Dataset.Builder.cacheColumns(this);
      Dataset.Builder.cacheRows(this);

      // bind to parent if syncable
      if (this.syncable) {
        this.parent.subscribe("change", this._sync, { context : this });  
      }
    },

    // Syncs up the current view based on a passed delta.
    _sync : function(event) {
      var deltas = event.deltas, eventType = null;
 
      // iterate over deltas and update rows that are affected.
      _.each(deltas, function(d, deltaIndex) {
        
        // find row position based on delta _id
        var rowPos = this._rowPositionById[d[this.idAttribute]];

        // ===== ADD NEW ROW

        if (typeof rowPos === "undefined" && Dataset.Event.isAdd(d)) {
          // this is an add event, since we couldn't find an
          // existing row to update and now need to just add a new
          // one. Use the delta's changed properties as the new row
          // if it passes the filter.
          if (this.filter.rows && this.filter.rows(d.changed)) {
            this._add(d.changed);  
            eventType = "add";
          }
        } else {

          //===== UPDATE EXISTING ROW
          if (rowPos === "undefined") { return; }
          
          // iterate over each changed property and update the value
          _.each(d.changed, function(newValue, columnName) {
            
            // find col position based on column name
            var colPos = this._columnPositionByName[columnName];
            if (_.isUndefined(colPos)) { return; }
            this._columns[colPos].data[rowPos] = newValue;

            eventType = "update";
          }, this);
        }


        // ====== DELETE ROW (either by event or by filter.)
        // TODO check if the row still passes filter, if not
        // delete it.
        var row = this.rowByPosition(rowPos);
    
        // if this is a delete event OR the row no longer
        // passes the filter, remove it.
        if (Dataset.Event.isRemove(d) || 
            (this.filter.row && !this.filter.row(row))) {

          // Since this is now a delete event, we need to convert it
          // to such so that any child views, know how to interpet it.

          var newDelta = {
            old : this.rowByPosition(rowPos),
            changed : {}
          };
          newDelta[this.idAttribute] = d[this.idAttribute];

          // replace the old delta with this delta
          event.deltas.splice(deltaIndex, 1, newDelta);

          // remove row since it doesn't match the filter.
          this._remove(rowPos);
          eventType = "delete";
        }

      }, this);

      // trigger any subscribers 
      if (this.syncable) {
        this.publish(eventType, event);
        this.publish("change", event);  
      }
    },

    /**
    * Returns a dataset view based on the filtration parameters 
    * Parameters:
    *   filter - object with optional columns array and filter object/function 
    *   options - Options.
    * Returns:
    *   new Miso.Dataset.DataView
    */
    where : function(filter, options) {
      options = options || {};
      options.filter = options.filter || {};
      if ( _.isFunction(filter) ) {
        options.filter.rows = filter;
      } else {
        options.filter = filter;
      }
      
      options.parent = this;

      return new Dataset.DataView(options);
    },

    _selectData : function() {
      var selectedColumns = [];

      _.each(this.parent._columns, function(parentColumn) {
        
        // check if this column passes the column filter
        if (this.filter.columns(parentColumn)) {
          selectedColumns.push(new Dataset.Column({
            name : parentColumn.name,
            data : [], 
            type : parentColumn.type,
            _id : parentColumn._id
          }));
        }

      }, this);

      // get the data that passes the row filter.
      this.parent.each(function(row) {

        if (!this.filter.rows(row)) { 
          return; 
        }

        for(var i = 0; i < selectedColumns.length; i++) {
          selectedColumns[i].data.push(row[selectedColumns[i].name]);
        }
      }, this);

      return selectedColumns;
    },

    /**
    * Returns a normalized version of the column filter function
    * that can be executed.
    * Parameters:
    *   columnFilter - function or column name
    */
    _columnFilter: function(columnFilter) {
      var columnSelector;

      // if no column filter is specified, then just
      // return a passthrough function that will allow
      // any column through.
      if (_.isUndefined(columnFilter)) {
        columnSelector = function() {
          return true;
        };
      } else { //array
        if (_.isString(columnFilter) ) {
          columnFilter = [ columnFilter ];
        }
        columnFilter.push(this.idAttribute);
        columnSelector = function(column) {
          return _.indexOf(columnFilter, column.name) === -1 ? false : true;
        };
      }

      return columnSelector;
    },

    /**
    * Returns a normalized row filter function
    * that can be executed 
    */
    _rowFilter: function(rowFilter) {
      
      var rowSelector;

      //support for a single ID;
      if (_.isNumber(rowFilter)) {
        rowFilter = [rowFilter];
      }

      if (_.isUndefined(rowFilter)) {
        rowSelector = function() { 
          return true;
        };

      } else if (_.isFunction(rowFilter)) {
        rowSelector = rowFilter;

      } else { //array
        rowSelector = _.bind(function(row) {
          return _.indexOf(rowFilter, row[this.idAttribute]) === -1 ? 
            false : 
            true;
        }, this);
      }

      return rowSelector;
    },

    /**
    * Returns a dataset view of the given column name
    * Parameters:
    *   name - name of the column to be selected
    * Returns:
    *   Miso.Column.
    */
    column : function(name) {
      return this._column(name);
    },

    _column : function(name) {
      if (_.isUndefined(this._columnPositionByName)) { return undefined; }
      var pos = this._columnPositionByName[name];
      return this._columns[pos];
    },

    /**
    * Returns a dataset view of the given columns 
    * Parameters:
    *   columnsArray - an array of column names
    * Returns:
    *   Miso.DataView.
    */    
    columns : function(columnsArray) {
     return new Dataset.DataView({
        filter : { columns : columnsArray },
        parent : this
      });
    },

    /**
    * Returns the names of all columns, not including id column.
    * Returns:
    *   columnNames array
    */
    columnNames : function() {
      var cols = _.pluck(this._columns, 'name');
      return _.reject(cols, function( colName ) {
        return colName === this.idAttribute || colName === '_oids';
      }, this);
    },

    /** 
    * Returns true if a column exists, false otherwise.
    * Parameters:
    *   name (string)
    * Returns
    *   true | false
    */
    hasColumn : function(name) {
      return (!_.isUndefined(this._columnPositionByName[name]));
    },

    /**
    * Iterates over all rows in the dataset
    * Paramters:
    *   iterator - function that is passed each row
    *              iterator(rowObject, index, dataset)
    *   context - options object. Optional.
    */
    each : function(iterator, context) {
      for(var i = 0; i < this.length; i++) {
        iterator.apply(context || this, [this.rowByPosition(i), i]);
      }
    },

    /**
    * Iterates over all rows in the dataset in reverse order
    * Parameters:
    *   iterator - function that is passed each row
    *              iterator(rowObject, index, dataset)
    *   context - options object. Optional.
    */
    reverseEach : function(iterator, context) {
      for(var i = this.length-1; i >= 0; i--) {
        iterator.apply(context || this, [this.rowByPosition(i), i]);
      }
    },

    /**
    * Iterates over each column.
    * Parameters:
    *   iterator - function that is passed:
    *              iterator(colName, column, index)
    *   context - options object. Optional.
    */
    eachColumn : function(iterator, context) {
      // skip id col
      var cols = this.columnNames();
      for(var i = 0; i < cols.length; i++) {
        iterator.apply(context || this, [cols[i], this.column(cols[i]), i]);
      }  
    },

    /**
    * Returns a single row based on its position (NOT ID.)
    * Paramters:
    *   i - position index
    * Returns:
    *   row object representation
    */
    rowByPosition : function(i) {
      return this._row(i);
    },

    /** 
    * Returns a single row based on its id (NOT Position.)
    * Parameters:
    *   id - unique id
    * Returns:
    *   row object representation
    */
    rowById : function(id) {
      return this._row(this._rowPositionById[id]);
    },

    _row : function(pos) {
      var row = {};
      _.each(this._columns, function(column) {
        row[column.name] = column.data[pos];
      });
      return row;   
    },
    _remove : function(rowId) {
      var rowPos = this._rowPositionById[rowId];

      // remove all values
      _.each(this._columns, function(column) {
        column.data.splice(rowPos, 1);
      });
      
      // update caches
      delete this._rowPositionById[rowId];
      this._rowIdByPosition.splice(rowPos, 1);
      this.length--;

      return this;
    },

    _add : function(row) {
      
      // first coerce all the values appropriatly
      _.each(row, function(value, key) {
        var column = this.column(key);

        // is this a computed column? if so throw an error
        if (column.isComputed()) {
          throw "You're trying to update a computed column. Those get computed!";
        }

        // if we suddenly see values for data that didn't exist before as a column
        // just drop it. First fetch defines the column structure.
        if (typeof column !== "undefined") {
          var Type = Dataset.types[column.type];

          // test if value matches column type
          if (column.force || Type.test(row[column.name], column)) {
            
            // do we have a before filter? If so, pass it through that first
            if (!_.isUndefined(column.before)) {
              row[column.name] = column.before(row[column.name]);
            }

            // coerce it.
            row[column.name] = Type.coerce(row[column.name], column);

          } else {
            throw("incorrect value '" + row[column.name] + 
                  "' of type " + Dataset.typeOf(row[column.name], column) +
                  " passed to column '" + column.name + "' with type " + column.type);  
          
          }
        }
      }, this);

      // do we have any computed columns? If so we need to calculate their values.
      if (this._computedColumns) {
        _.each(this._computedColumns, function(column) {
          var newVal = column.compute(row);
          row[column.name] = newVal;
        });
      }

      // if we don't have a comparator, just append them at the end.
      if (_.isUndefined(this.comparator)) {
        
        // add all data
        _.each(this._columns, function(column) {
          if (!column.isComputed()) {
            column.data.push(!_.isUndefined(row[column.name]) && !_.isNull(row[column.name]) ? row[column.name] : null);
          }
        });

        this.length++;

        // add row indeces to the cache
        this._rowIdByPosition = this._rowIdByPosition || (this._rowIdByPosition = []);
        this._rowPositionById = this._rowPositionById || (this._rowPositionById = {});

        // if this row already exists, throw an error
        if (typeof this._rowPositionById[row[this.idAttribute]] !== "undefined") {
          throw "The id " + row[this.idAttribute] + " is not unique. The " + this.idAttribute + " column must be unique";
        }

        this._rowPositionById[row[this.idAttribute]] = this._rowIdByPosition.length;
        this._rowIdByPosition.push(row[this.idAttribute]);
      
      // otherwise insert them in the right place. This is a somewhat
      // expensive operation.    
      } else {
        
        var insertAt = function(at, value, into) {
          Array.prototype.splice.apply(into, [at, 0].concat(value));
        };

        var i;
        this.length++;
        for(i = 0; i < this.length; i++) {
          var row2 = this.rowByPosition(i);
          if (_.isUndefined(row2[this.idAttribute]) || this.comparator(row, row2) < 0) {
            
            _.each(this._columns, function(column) {
              insertAt(i, (row[column.name] ? row[column.name] : null), column.data);
            });
            
            break;
          }
        }
    
        // rebuild position cache... 
        // we could splice it in but its safer this way.
        this._rowIdByPosition = [];
        this._rowPositionById = {};
        this.each(function(row, i) {
          this._rowIdByPosition.push(row[this.idAttribute]);
          this._rowPositionById[row[this.idAttribute]] = i;
        }, this);
      }
      
      return this;
    },

    /**
    * Returns a dataset view of filtered rows
    * @param {function|array} filter - a filter function or object, 
    * the same as where
    */    
    rows : function(filter) {
      return new Dataset.DataView({
        filter : { rows : filter },
        parent : this
      });
    },

    /**
    * Sort rows based on comparator
    *
    * roughly taken from here: 
    * http://jxlib.googlecode.com/svn-history/r977/trunk/src/Source/Data/heapsort.js
    * License:
    *   Copyright (c) 2009, Jon Bomgardner.
    *   This file is licensed under an MIT style license
    * Parameters:
    *   options - Optional
    */    
  sort : function(args) {
      var options = {}, cachedRows = [];
    
      //If the first param is the comparator, set it as such.
      if ( _.isFunction(args) ) {
        options.comparator = args;
      } else {
        options = args || {};
      }

      if (options.comparator) {
        this.comparator = options.comparator;
      } else if (_.isUndefined(this.comparator)) {
        throw new Error("Cannot sort without this.comparator.");
      }

      // cache rows
      var i, j, row;
      for(i = 0; i < this.length; i++) {
        cachedRows[i] = this._row(i);
      }

      cachedRows.sort( this.comparator );

      // iterate through cached rows, overwriting data in columns
      i = cachedRows.length;
      while ( i-- ) {
        row = cachedRows[i];

        this._rowIdByPosition[i] = row[ this.idAttribute ];
        this._rowPositionById[ row[ this.idAttribute ] ] = i;

        j = this._columns.length;
        while ( j-- ) {
          var col = this._columns[j];
          col.data[i] = row[ col.name ];
        }
      }

      if (this.syncable && !options.silent) {
        this.publish("sort");
      }

      return this;
    },
   
    /**
    * Exports a version of the dataset in json format.
    * Returns:
    *   Array of rows.
    */
    toJSON : function() {
      var rows = [];
      for(var i = 0; i < this.length; i++) {
        rows.push(this.rowByPosition(i));
      }
      return rows;
    }
  });

}(this, _));

/**
Library Deets go here
USE OUR CODES

Version 0.0.1.2
*/

(function(global, _, moment) {

  var Miso = global.Miso || (global.Miso = {});
  var Dataset = global.Miso.Dataset;

  // take on miso dataview's prototype
  Dataset.prototype = new Dataset.DataView();

  // add dataset methods to dataview.
  _.extend(Dataset.prototype, {

    /**
    * @private
    * Internal initialization method. Reponsible for data parsing.
    * @param {object} options - Optional options  
    */
    _initialize: function(options) {

      // is this a syncable dataset? if so, pull
      // required methods and mark this as a syncable dataset.
      if (options.sync === true) {
        _.extend(this, Miso.Events);
        this.syncable = true;
      }

      this.idAttribute = options.idAttribute || '_id';

      // initialize importer from options or just create a blank
      // one for now, we'll detect it later.
      this.importer = options.importer || null;

      // default parser is object parser, unless otherwise specified.
      this.parser  = options.parser || Dataset.Parsers.Obj;

      // figure out out if we need another parser.
      if (_.isUndefined(options.parser)) {
        if (options.strict) {
          this.parser = Dataset.Parsers.Strict;
        } else if (options.delimiter) {
          this.parser = Dataset.Parsers.Delimited;
        } 
      }

      // initialize the proper importer
      if (this.importer === null) {
        if (options.url) {

          if (!options.interval) {
            this.importer = Dataset.Importers.Remote;  
          } else {
            this.importer = Dataset.Importers.Polling;
            this.interval = options.interval;
          }
          
        } else {
          this.importer = Dataset.Importers.Local;
        }
      }

      // initialize importer and parser
      this.parser = new this.parser(options);

      if (this.parser instanceof Dataset.Parsers.Delimited) {
        options.dataType = "text";
      }

      this.importer = new this.importer(options);

      // save comparator if we have one
      if (options.comparator) {
        this.comparator = options.comparator;  
      }

      // if we have a ready callback, save it too
      if (options.ready) {
        this.ready = options.ready;
      }

      // If new data is being fetched and we want to just
      // replace existing rows, save this flag.
      if (options.resetOnFetch) {
        this.resetOnFetch = options.resetOnFetch;
      }

      // if new data is being fetched and we want to make sure
      // only new rows are appended, a column must be provided
      // against which uniqueness will be checked.
      // otherwise we are just going to blindly add rows.
      if (options.uniqueAgainst) {
        this.uniqueAgainst = options.uniqueAgainst;
      }

      // if there is no data and no url set, we must be building
      // the dataset from scratch, so create an id column.
      if (_.isUndefined(options.data) && _.isUndefined(options.url)) {
        this._addIdColumn();  
      }

      // if for any reason, you want to use a different deferred
      // implementation, pass it as an option
      if (options.deferred) {
        this.deferred = options.deferred;
      } else {
        this.deferred =  new _.Deferred();
      }

      //build any columns present in the constructor
      if ( options.columns ) {
        this.addColumns(options.columns);
      }
    },

    /**
    * Responsible for actually fetching the data based on the initialized dataset.
    * Note that this needs to be called for either local or remote data.
    * There are three different ways to use this method:
    * ds.fetch() - will just fetch the data based on the importer. Note that for async 
    *              fetching this isn't blocking so don't put your next set of instructions
    *              expecting the data to be there.
    * ds.fetch({
    *   success: function() { 
    *     // do stuff
    *     // this is the dataset.
    *   },
    *   error : function(e) {
    *     // do stuff
    *   }
    * })        - Allows you to pass success and error callbacks that will be called once data
    *             is property fetched.
    *
    * _.when(ds.fetch(), function() {
    *   // do stuff
    *   // note 'this' is NOT the dataset.
    * })        - Allows you to use deferred behavior to potentially chain multiple datasets.
    *
    * @param {object} options Optional success/error callbacks.
    **/
    fetch : function(options) {
      options = options || {};
      
      var dfd = this.deferred;

      if ( _.isNull(this.importer) ) {
        throw "No importer defined";
      }

      this.importer.fetch({
        success: _.bind(function( data ) {

          try {
            this._apply( data );
          } catch (e) {
            if (options.error) {
              options.error.call(this, e);
            } else {
              throw e;
            }
          }

          // if a comparator was defined, sort the data
          if (this.comparator) {
            this.sort();
          }

          if (this.ready) {
            this.ready.call(this);
          }

          if (options.success) {
            options.success.call(this);
          }

          // Ensure the context of the promise is set to the Dataset
          dfd.resolveWith(this, [this]);

        }, this),

        error : _.bind(function(e) {
          if (options.error) {
            options.error.call(this, e);
          }

          dfd.reject(e);
        }, this)
      });

      return dfd.promise();
    },

    //These are the methods that will be used to determine
    //how to update a dataset's data when fetch() is called
    _applications : {

      //Update existing values, used the pass column to match 
      //incoming data to existing rows.
      againstColumn : function(data) {
        var rows = [],
            colNames = _.keys(data),   
            row,
            uniqName = this.uniqueAgainst,
            uniqCol = this.column(uniqName),
            toAdd = [],
            toUpdate = [],
            toRemove = [];

        _.each(data[uniqName], function(key, dataIndex) { 
          var rowIndex = uniqCol.data.indexOf( Dataset.types[uniqCol.type].coerce(key) );

          var row = {};
          _.each(data, function(col, name) {
            row[name] = col[dataIndex];
          });

          if (rowIndex === -1) {
            toAdd.push( row );
          } else {
            toUpdate.push( row );
            row[this.idAttribute] = this.rowById(this.column(this.idAttribute).data[rowIndex])[this.idAttribute];
            this.update(row);
          }
        }, this);
        if (toAdd.length > 0) {
          this.add(toAdd);
        }
      },

      //Always blindly add new rows
      blind : function( data ) {
        var columnName, columnData, rows = [], row;

        // figure out the length of rows we have.
        var colNames = _.keys(data),
            dataLength = _.max(_.map(colNames, function(name) {
              return data[name].length;
            }, this));

        // build row objects
        for( var i = 0; i < dataLength; i++) {
          row = {};
          for(var j = 0; j < colNames.length; j++) {
            row[colNames[j]] = data[colNames[j]][i];
          }
          rows.push(row);
        }

        this.add(rows);
      }
    },

    //Takes a dataset and some data and applies one to the other
    _apply : function( data ) {
      
      var parsed = this.parser.parse( data );

      // first time fetch
      if ( !this.fetched ) {

        // create columns (inc _id col.)
        this._addIdColumn();
        this.addColumns( _.map(parsed.columns, function( name ) {
            return { name : name };
          })
        );
        
        // detect column types, add all rows blindly and cache them.
        Dataset.Builder.detectColumnTypes(this, parsed.data);
        this._applications.blind.call( this, parsed.data );
        
        this.fetched = true;
      
      // reset on fetch
      } else if (this.resetOnFetch) {

        // clear the data
        this.reset();

        // blindly add the data.
        this._applications.blind.call( this, parsed.data );

      // append
      } else if (this.uniqueAgainst) {

        // make sure we actually have this column
        if (!this.hasColumn(this.uniqueAgainst)) {
          throw new Error("You requested a unique add against a column that doesn't exist.");
        }

        this._applications.againstColumn.call(this, parsed.data);
      
      // polling fetch, just blindly add rows
      } else {
        this._applications.blind.call( this, parsed.data );
      }

      Dataset.Builder.cacheRows(this);
    },

    /**
    * Adds columns to the dataset.
    */
    addColumns : function( columns ) {
      _.each(columns, function( column ) {
        this.addColumn( column );
      }, this);
    },

    /**
    * Allows adding of a computed column. A computed column is
    * a column that is somehow based on the other existing columns.
    * Parameters:
    *   name : name of new column
    *   type : The type of the column based on existing types.
    *   func : The way that the column is derived. It takes a row as a parameter.
    */
    addComputedColumn : function(name, type, func) {
      // check if we already ahve a column by this name.
      if ( !_.isUndefined(this.column(name)) ) { 
        throw "There is already a column by this name.";
      } else {

        // check that this is a known type.
        if (typeof Dataset.types[type] === "undefined") {
          throw "The type " + type + " doesn't exist";
        }

        var column = new Dataset.Column({
          name : name,
          type : type,
          func : _.bind(func, this)
        });

        this._columns.push(column);
        this._computedColumns.push(column);
        this._columnPositionByName[column.name] = this._columns.length - 1;

        // do we already have data? if so compute the values for this column.
        if (this.length > 0) {
          this.each(function(row, i) {
            column.compute(row, i);
          }, this);
        }

        return column;
      }
    },

    /** 
    * Adds a single column to the dataset
    * Parameters:
    *   column : a set of properties describing a column (name, type, data etc.)
    * Returns
    *   Miso.Column object.
    */
    addColumn : function(column) {
      //don't create a column that already exists
      if ( !_.isUndefined(this.column(column.name)) ) { 
        return false; 
      }

      column = new Dataset.Column( column );

      this._columns.push( column );
      this._columnPositionByName[column.name] = this._columns.length - 1;

      return column;
    },

    /**
    * Adds an id column to the column definition. If a count
    * is provided, also generates unique ids.
    * Parameters:
    *   count - the number of ids to generate.
    */
    _addIdColumn : function( count ) {
      // if we have any data, generate actual ids.

      if (!_.isUndefined(this.column(this.idAttribute))) {
        return;
      }

      var ids = [];
      if (count && count > 0) {
        _.times(count, function() {
          ids.push(_.uniqueId());
        });
      }

      // add the id column
      var idCol = this.addColumn({ name: this.idAttribute, data : ids });
      // is this the default _id? if so set numeric type. Otherwise,
      // detect data
      if (this.idAttribute === "_id") {
        idCol.type = "number";
      }

      // did we accidentally add it to the wrong place? (it should always be first.)
      if (this._columnPositionByName[this.idAttribute] !== 0) {

        // we need to move it to the beginning and unshift all the other
        // columns
        var oldIdColPos = this._columnPositionByName[this.idAttribute];

        // move col back 
        this._columns.splice(oldIdColPos, 1);
        this._columns.unshift(idCol);
        
        this._columnPositionByName[this.idAttribute] = 0;
        _.each(this._columnPositionByName, function(pos, colName) {
          if (colName !== this.idAttribute && this._columnPositionByName[colName] < oldIdColPos) {
            this._columnPositionByName[colName]++;
          }
        }, this);
      }
      
    },

    /**
    * Add a row to the dataset. Triggers add and change.
    * Parameters:
    *   row - an object representing a row in the form of:
    *         {columnName: value}
    *   options - options
    *     silent: boolean, do not trigger an add (and thus view updates) event
    */    
    add : function(rows, options) {
      
      options = options || {};

      if (!_.isArray(rows)) {
        rows = [rows];
      }

      var deltas = [];

      _.each(rows, function(row) {
        if (!row[this.idAttribute]) {
          row[this.idAttribute] = _.uniqueId();
        }

        this._add(row, options);

        // store all deltas for a single fire event.
        if (this.syncable && !options.silent) {
          deltas.push({ changed : row });
        }
      
      }, this);
      
      if (this.syncable && !options.silent) {
        var e = Dataset.Events._buildEvent(deltas, this);
        this.publish('add', e );
        this.publish('change', e );
      }

      return this;
    },

    /**
    * Remove all rows that match the filter. Fires remove and change.
    * Parameters:
    *   filter - row id OR function applied to each row to see if it should be removed.
    *   options - options. Optional.
    *     silent: boolean, do not trigger an add (and thus view updates) event
    */    
    remove : function(filter, options) {
      filter = this._rowFilter(filter);
      var deltas = [], rowsToRemove = [];

      this.each(function(row, rowIndex) {
        if (filter(row)) {
          rowsToRemove.push(row[this.idAttribute]);
          deltas.push( { old: row } );
        }
      });

      // don't attempt tp remove the rows while iterating over them
      // since that modifies the length of the dataset and thus
      // terminates the each loop early. 
      _.each(rowsToRemove, function(rowId) {
        this._remove(rowId);  
      }, this);
      
      if (this.syncable && (!options || !options.silent)) {
        var ev = Dataset.Events._buildEvent( deltas, this );
        this.publish('remove', ev );
        this.publish('change', ev );
      }
    },

    _arrayUpdate : function(rows) {
      var deltas = [];
      _.each(rows, function(newRow) {
        var delta = { old : {}, changed : {} };
        delta[this.idAttribute] = newRow[this.idAttribute];

        var pos = this._rowPositionById[newRow[this.idAttribute]];
        _.each(newRow, function(value, prop) {
          var column = this._columns[this._columnPositionByName[prop]];
          var type = Dataset.types[column.type];

          if ((column.name === this.idAttribute) && (column.data[pos] !== value)) {
            throw "You can't update the id column";
          }

          if (typeof column === "undefined") { 
            throw "column " + prop + " not found!"; 
          }

          //Ensure value passes the type test
          if (!type.test(value, column)) {
            throw "Value is incorrect type";
          }

          //skip if computed column
          if (this._computedColumns[column.name]) {
            return;
          }

          value = type.coerce(value, column);

          //Run any before filters on the column
          if (!_.isUndefined(column.before)) {
            value = column.before(value);
          }
 
          if (column.data[pos] !== value) {
            delta.old[prop] = column.data[pos];
            column.data[pos] = value;
            delta.changed[prop] = value;
          }


        }, this);

          // Update any computed columns
          if (typeof this._computedColumns !== "undefined") {
            _.each(this._computedColumns, function(column) {
              var temprow = _.extend({}, this._row(pos)),
                  oldValue = temprow[column.name],
                  newValue = column.compute(temprow, pos);
              if (oldValue !== newValue) {
                delta.old[column.name] = oldValue;
                column.data[pos] = newValue;
                delta.changed[column.name] = newValue;
              }
            }, this);
          }
        if ( _.keys(delta.changed).length > 0 ) {
          deltas.push(delta);
        }
      }, this);
      return deltas;
    },

    _functionUpdate : function(func) {
      var rows = [];
      for(var i = 0; i < this.length; i++) {
        var newRow = func(this.rowByPosition(i));
        if (newRow !== false) {
          rows.push( newRow );
        }
      }
      return this._arrayUpdate(rows);
    },

    /**
    * Update can be used on one of three ways.
    * 1: To update specific rows by passing in an object with the _id
    * 2: To update a number of rows by passing in an array of objects with _ids
    * 3: To update a number of row by passing in a function which will be applied to
    * all rows.
    * */    
    update : function( rowsOrFunction, options ) {
      var deltas;

      if ( _.isFunction(rowsOrFunction) ) {
        deltas = this._functionUpdate(rowsOrFunction);
      } else {
        var rows = _.isArray(rowsOrFunction) ? rowsOrFunction : [rowsOrFunction];
        deltas = this._arrayUpdate(rows);
      }

      //computer column updates
      //update triggers
      if (this.syncable && (!options || !options.silent)) {
        var ev = Dataset.Events._buildEvent( deltas, this );
        this.publish('update', ev );
        this.publish('change', ev );
      }
      return this;
    },

    /**
    * Clears all the rows
    * Fires a "reset" event.
    * Parameters:
    *   options (object)
    *     silent : true | false.
    */
    reset : function(options) {
      _.each(this._columns, function(col) {
        col.data = [];
      });
      this.length = 0;
      if (this.syncable && (!options || !options.silent)) {
        this.publish("reset");
      }
    }

  });
  
}(this, _, moment));


(function(global, _) {

  var Dataset = global.Miso.Dataset;

  Dataset.typeOf = function(value, options) {
    var types = _.keys(Dataset.types),
        chosenType;

    //move string and mixed to the end
    types.push(types.splice(_.indexOf(types, 'string'), 1)[0]);
    types.push(types.splice(_.indexOf(types, 'mixed'), 1)[0]);

    chosenType = _.find(types, function(type) {
      return Dataset.types[type].test(value, options);
    });

    chosenType = _.isUndefined(chosenType) ? 'string' : chosenType;

    return chosenType;
  };
  
  Dataset.types = {
    
    mixed : {
      name : 'mixed',
      coerce : function(v) {
        if (_.isNull(v) || typeof v === "undefined" || _.isNaN(v)) {
          return null;
        }
        return v;
      },
      test : function() {
        return true;
      },
      compare : function(s1, s2) {
        if ( _.isEqual(s1, s2) ) { return 0; }
        if (s1 < s2)  { return -1;}
        if (s1 > s2)  { return 1; }
      },
      numeric : function(v) {
        return v === null || _.isNaN(+v) ? null : +v;
      }
    },

    string : {
      name : "string",
      coerce : function(v) {
        if (_.isNaN(v) || v === null || typeof v === "undefined") {
          return null;
        }
        return v.toString();
      },

      test : function(v) {
        return (v === null || typeof v === "undefined" || typeof v === 'string');
      },

      compare : function(s1, s2) {
        if (s1 == null && s2 != null) { return -1; }
        if (s1 != null && s2 == null) { return 1; }
        if (s1 < s2) { return -1; }
        if (s1 > s2) { return 1;  }
        return 0;
      },

      numeric : function(value) {
        if (_.isNaN(+value) || value === null) {
          return null;
        } else if (_.isNumber(+value)) {
          return +value;
        } else {
          return null;
        }
      }
    },

    "boolean" : {
      name : "boolean",
      regexp : /^(true|false)$/,
      coerce : function(v) {
        if (_.isNaN(v) || v === null || typeof v === "undefined") {
          return null;
        }
        if (v === 'false') { return false; }
        return Boolean(v);
      },
      test : function(v) {
        if (v === null || typeof v === "undefined" || typeof v === 'boolean' || this.regexp.test( v ) ) {
          return true;
        } else {
          return false;
        }
      },
      compare : function(n1, n2) {
        if (n1 == null && n2 != null) { return -1; }
        if (n1 != null && n2 == null) { return 1; }
        if (n1 == null && n2 == null) { return 0; }
        if (n1 === n2) { return 0; }
        return (n1 < n2 ? -1 : 1);
      },
      numeric : function(value) {
        if (value === null || _.isNaN(value)) {
          return null;
        } else {
          return (value) ? 1 : 0;  
        }
      }
    },

    number : {  
      name : "number",
      regexp : /^\s*[\-\.]?[0-9]+([\.][0-9]+)?\s*$/,
      coerce : function(v) {
        var cv = +v;
        if (_.isNull(v) || typeof v === "undefined" || _.isNaN(cv)) {
          return null;
        }
        return cv;
      },
      test : function(v) {
        if (v === null || typeof v === "undefined" || typeof v === 'number' || this.regexp.test( v ) ) {
          return true;
        } else {
          return false;
        }
      },
      compare : function(n1, n2) {
        if (n1 == null && n2 != null) { return -1; }
        if (n1 != null && n2 == null) { return 1; }
        if (n1 == null && n2 == null) { return 0; }
        if (n1 === n2) { return 0; }
        return (n1 < n2 ? -1 : 1);
      },
      numeric : function(value) {
        if (_.isNaN(value) || value === null) {
          return null;
        }
        return value;
      }
    },

    time : {
      name : "time",
      format : "DD/MM/YYYY",
      _formatLookup : [
        ['DD', "\\d{2}"],
        ['D' ,  "\\d{1}|\\d{2}"],
        ['MM', "\\d{2}"],
        ['M' , "\\d{1}|\\d{2}"],
        ['YYYY', "\\d{4}"],
        ['YY', "\\d{2}"],
        ['A', "[AM|PM]"],
        ['hh', "\\d{2}"],
        ['h', "\\d{1}|\\d{2}"],
        ['mm', "\\d{2}"],
        ['m', "\\d{1}|\\d{2}"],
        ['ss', "\\d{2}"],
        ['s', "\\d{1}|\\d{2}"],
        ['ZZ',"[-|+]\\d{4}"],
        ['Z', "[-|+]\\d{2}:\\d{2}"]
      ],
      _regexpTable : {},

      _regexp: function(format) {
        //memoise
        if (this._regexpTable[format]) {
          return new RegExp(this._regexpTable[format], 'g');
        }

        //build the regexp for substitutions
        var regexp = format;
        _.each(this._formatLookup, function(pair) {
          regexp = regexp.replace(pair[0], pair[1]);
        }, this);

        // escape all forward slashes
        regexp = regexp.split("/").join("\\/");

        // save the string of the regexp, NOT the regexp itself.
        // For some reason, this resulted in inconsistant behavior
        this._regexpTable[format] = regexp; 
        return new RegExp(this._regexpTable[format], 'g');
      },

      coerce : function(v, options) {
        options = options || {};

        if (_.isNull(v) || typeof v === "undefined" || _.isNaN(v)) {
          return null;
        }

        // if string, then parse as a time
        if (_.isString(v)) {
          var format = options.format || this.format;
          return moment(v, format);   
        } else if (_.isNumber(v)) {
          return moment(v);
        } else {
          return v;
        }

      },

      test : function(v, options) {
        options = options || {};
        if (v === null || typeof v === "undefined") {
          return true;
        }
        if (_.isString(v) ) {
          var format = options.format || this.format,
              regex = this._regexp(format);
          return regex.test(v);
        } else {
          //any number or moment obj basically
          return true;
        }
      },
      compare : function(d1, d2) {
        if (d1 < d2) {return -1;}
        if (d1 > d2) {return 1;}
        return 0;
      },
      numeric : function( value ) {
        if (_.isNaN(value) || value === null) {
          return null;
        }
        return value.valueOf();
      }
    }
  };

}(this, _));

(function(global, _) {

  var Dataset = global.Miso.Dataset;

  /**
  * A representation of an event as it is passed through the
  * system. Used for view synchronization and other default
  * CRUD ops.
  * Parameters:
  *   deltas - array of deltas.
  *     each delta: { changed : {}, old : {} }
  */
  Dataset.Event = function(deltas, dataset) {
    if (!_.isArray(deltas)) {
      deltas = [deltas];
    }
    this.deltas = deltas;
    this.dataset = dataset || null;
  };

  _.extend(Dataset.Event.prototype, {
    affectedColumns : function() {
      var cols = [];
      _.each(this.deltas, function(delta) {
        delta.old = (delta.old || []);
        delta.changed = (delta.changed || []);
        cols = _.chain(cols)
          .union(_.keys(delta.old), _.keys(delta.changed) )
          .reject(function(col) {
            return col === this.dataset.idAttribute;
          }, this).value();
      }, this);

      return cols;
    }
  });

   _.extend(Dataset.Event, {
    /**
    * Returns true if the event is a deletion
    */
    isRemove : function(delta) {
      if (_.isUndefined(delta.changed) || _.keys(delta.changed).length === 0) {
        return true;
      } else {
        return false;
      }
    },

    /**
    * Returns true if the event is an add event.
    */
    isAdd : function(delta) {
      if (_.isUndefined(delta.old) || _.keys(delta.old).length === 0) {
        return true;
      } else {
        return false;
      }
    },

    /**
    * Returns true if the event is an update.
    */
    isUpdate : function(delta) {
      if (!this.isRemove(delta) && !this.isAdd(delta)) {
        return true;
      } else {
        return false;
      }
    }
  });
  
  
  //Event Related Methods
  Dataset.Events = {};

  // Used to build event objects accross the application.
  Dataset.Events._buildEvent = function(delta, dataset) {
    return new Dataset.Event(delta, dataset);
  };

}(this, _));

(function(global, _) {
  
  var Dataset = global.Miso.Dataset;
  
  /**
  * This is a generic collection of dataset-building utilities
  * that are used by Miso.Dataset and Miso.DataView.
  */
  Dataset.Builder = {

    /**
    * Detects the type of a column based on some input data.
    * Parameters:
    *   column - the Miso.Column object
    *   data - an array of data to be scanned for type detection
    * Returns:
    *   input column but typed.
    */
    detectColumnType : function(column, data) {

      // compute the type by assembling a sample of computed types
      // and then squashing it to create a unique subset.
      var type = _.inject(data.slice(0, 5), function(memo, value) {

        var t = Dataset.typeOf(value);

        if (value !== "" && memo.indexOf(t) === -1 && !_.isNull(value)) {
          memo.push(t);
        }
        return memo;
      }, []);

      // if we only have one type in our sample, save it as the type
      if (type.length === 1) {
        column.type = type[0];
      } else {
        //empty column or mixed type
        column.type = 'mixed';
      }

      return column;
    },

    /**
    * Detects the types of all columns in a dataset.
    * Parameters:
    *   dataset - the dataset to test the columns of
    *   parsedData - the data to check the type of
    */
    detectColumnTypes : function(dataset, parsedData) {

      _.each(parsedData, function(data, columnName) {
        
        var column = dataset.column( columnName );
        
        // check if the column already has a type defined
        if ( column.type ) { 
          column.force = true;
          return; 
        } else {
          Dataset.Builder.detectColumnType(column, data);
        }

      }, this);
    },

    /**
    * Used by internal importers to cache the rows 
    * in quick lookup tables for any id based operations.
    * also used by views to cache the new rows they get
    * as a result of whatever filter created them.
    */
    cacheRows : function(dataset) {

      Dataset.Builder.clearRowCache(dataset);

      // cache the row id positions in both directions.
      // iterate over the _id column and grab the row ids
      _.each(dataset._columns[dataset._columnPositionByName[dataset.idAttribute]].data, function(id, index) {
        dataset._rowPositionById[id] = index;
        dataset._rowIdByPosition.push(id);
      }, dataset);  

      // cache the total number of rows. There should be same 
      // number in each column's data
      var rowLengths = _.uniq( _.map(dataset._columns, function(column) { 
        return column.data.length;
      }));

      if (rowLengths.length > 1) {
        throw new Error("Row lengths need to be the same. Empty values should be set to null." + 
          _.map(dataset._columns, function(c) { return c.data + "|||" ; }));
      } else {
        dataset.length = rowLengths[0];
      }
    },

    /**
    * Clears the row cache objects of a dataset
    * Parameters:
    *   dataset - Miso.Dataset instance.
    */
    clearRowCache : function(dataset) {
      dataset._rowPositionById = {};
      dataset._rowIdByPosition = [];
    },

    /**
    * Caches the column positions by name
    * Parameters:
    *   dataset - Miso.Dataset instance.
    */
    cacheColumns : function(dataset) {
      dataset._columnPositionByName = {};
      _.each(dataset._columns, function(column, i) {
        dataset._columnPositionByName[column.name] = i;
      });
    }
  };

  // fix lack of IE indexOf. Again.
  if (!Array.prototype.indexOf) { 
    Array.prototype.indexOf = function(obj, start) {
     for (var i = (start || 0), j = this.length; i < j; i++) {
         if (this[i] === obj) { return i; }
     }
     return -1;
    };
  }

}(this, _));

(function(global, _) {

  var Miso = global.Miso || (global.Miso = {});
  var Dataset = global.Miso.Dataset;

  /**
  * A Miso.Product is a single computed value that can be obtained 
  * from a Miso.Dataset. When a dataset is syncable, it will be an object
  * that one can subscribe to the changes of. Otherwise, it returns
  * the actual computed value.
  * Parameters:
  *   func - the function that derives the computation.
  *   columns - the columns from which the function derives the computation
  */
  Dataset.Product = function(options) {
    options = options || {};
    
    // save column name. This will be necessary later
    // when we decide whether we need to update the column
    // when sync is called.
    this.func = options.func;

    // determine the product type (numeric, string, time etc.)
    if (options.columns) {
      var column = options.columns;
      if (_.isArray(options.columns)) {
        column = options.columns[0];
      }
      
      this.valuetype = column.type;
      this.numeric = function() {
        return column.toNumeric(this.value);
      };
    }

    this.func({ silent : true });
    return this;
  };

  _.extend(Dataset.Product.prototype, Miso.Events, {

    /**
    * return the raw value of the product
    * Returns:
    *   The value of the product. Most likely a number.
    */
    val : function() {
      return this.value;
    },

    /**
    * return the type of product this is (numeric, time etc.)
    * Returns
    *   type. Matches the name of one of the Miso.types.
    */
    type : function() {
      return this.valuetype;
    },
    
    //This is a callback method that is responsible for recomputing
    //the value based on the column its closed on.
    _sync : function(event) {
      this.func();
    },

    // builds a delta object.
    _buildDelta : function(old, changed) {
      return {
        old : old,
        changed : changed
      };
    }
  });

  Dataset.Product.define = function(func) {
    return function(columns, options) {
      options = options || {};
      var columnObjects = this._findColumns(columns);
      var _self = this;
      options.type = options.type || columnObjects[0].type;
      options.typeOptions = options.typeOptions || columnObjects[0].typeOptions;

      //define wrapper function to handle coercion
      var producer = function() {
        var val = func.call(_self, columnObjects, options);
        return Dataset.types[options.type].coerce(val, options.typeOptions);
      };

      if (this.syncable) {
        //create product object to pass back for syncable datasets/views
        var prod = new Dataset.Product({
          columns : columnObjects,
          func : function(options) {
            options = options || {};
            var delta = this._buildDelta(this.value, producer.call(_self));
            this.value = delta.changed;
            if (_self.syncable) {
              var event = Dataset.Events._buildEvent(delta, this);
              if (!_.isUndefined(delta.old) && !options.silent && delta.old !== delta.changed) {
                this.publish("change", event);
              }
            }
          }
        });
        this.subscribe("change", prod._sync, { context : prod }); 
        return prod; 

      } else {
        return producer.call(_self);
      }

    };
  };


  _.extend(Dataset.DataView.prototype, {

    // finds the column objects that match the single/multiple
    // input columns. Helper method.
    _findColumns : function(columns) {
      var columnObjects = [];

      // if no column names were specified, get all column names.
      if (_.isUndefined(columns)) {
        columns = this.columnNames();
      }

      // convert columns to an array in case we only got one column name.
      columns = _.isArray(columns) ? columns : [columns];

      // assemble actual column objecets together.
      _.each(columns, function(column) {
        column = this._columns[this._columnPositionByName[column]];
        columnObjects.push(column);
      }, this);

      return columnObjects;
    },

    /**
    * Computes the sum of one or more columns.
    * Parameters:
    *   columns - string or array of column names on which the value is calculated 
    *   options
    *     silent - set to tue to prevent event propagation
    */
    sum : Dataset.Product.define( function(columns, options) {
      _.each(columns, function(col) {
        if (col.type === Dataset.types.time.name) {
          throw new Error("Can't sum up time");
        }
      });
      return _.sum(_.map(columns, function(c) { return c._sum(); }));
    }),

     /**
    * return a Product with the value of the maximum 
    * value of the column
    * Parameters:
    *   column - string or array of column names on which the value is calculated 
    */    
    max : Dataset.Product.define( function(columns, options) {
      return _.max(_.map(columns, function(c) { 
        return c._max(); 
      }));
    }),

  
    /**
    * return a Product with the value of the minimum 
    * value of the column
    * Paramaters:
    *   columns - string or array of column names on which the value is calculated 
    */    
    min : Dataset.Product.define( function(columns, options) {
      return _.min(_.map(columns, function(c) { 
        return c._min(); 
      }));
    }),

    /**
    * return a Product with the value of the average
    * value of the column
    * Parameters:
    *   column - string or array of column names on which the value is calculated 
    */    
    mean : Dataset.Product.define( function(columns, options) {
      var vals = [];
      _.each(columns, function(col) {
        vals.push(col.data);
      });

      vals = _.flatten(vals);

      // save types and type options to later coerce
      var type = columns[0].type;

      // convert the values to their appropriate numeric value
      vals = _.map(vals, function(v) { return Dataset.types[type].numeric(v); });
      return _.mean(vals);   
    })

  });

}(this, _));


(function(global, _) {

  var Dataset = global.Miso.Dataset;

  Dataset.Importers = function(data, options) {};

  /**
  * Simple base extract method, passing data through
  * If your importer needs to extract the data from the
  * returned payload before converting it to
  * a dataset, overwrite this method to return the
  * actual data object.
  */
  Dataset.Importers.prototype.extract = function(data) {
    data = _.clone(data);
    return data;
  };

}(this, _));

(function(global, _) {

  var Dataset = global.Miso.Dataset;

  /**
  * Local data importer is responsible for just using
  * a data object and passing it appropriately.
  */
  Dataset.Importers.Local = function(options) {
    options = options || {};

    this.data = options.data || null;
    this.extract = options.extract || this.extract;
  };

  _.extend(Dataset.Importers.Local.prototype, Dataset.Importers.prototype, {
    fetch : function(options) {
      var data = options.data ? options.data : this.data;
      options.success( this.extract(data) );
    }
  });

}(this, _));

(function(global, _) {

  var Dataset = global.Miso.Dataset;
  

  /**
  * A remote importer is responsible for fetching data from a url.
  * Parameters:
  *   options
  *     url - url to query
  *     extract - a method to pass raw data through before handing back to parser.
  *     dataType - ajax datatype
  *     jsonp  - true if it's a jsonp request, false otherwise.
  */
  Dataset.Importers.Remote = function(options) {
    options = options || {};

    this._url = options.url;
    this.extract = options.extract || this.extract;

    // Default ajax request parameters
    this.params = {
      type : "GET",
      url : _.isFunction(this._url) ? _.bind(this._url, this) : this._url,
      dataType : options.dataType ? options.dataType : (options.jsonp ? "jsonp" : "json"),
      callback : options.callback
    };
  };

  _.extend(Dataset.Importers.Remote.prototype, Dataset.Importers.prototype, {
    fetch : function(options) {

      // call the original fetch method of object parsing.
      // we are assuming the parsed version of the data will
      // be an array of objects.
      var callback = _.bind(function(data) {
        options.success( this.extract(data) );
      }, this);

      // do we have a named callback? We need to wrap our
      // success callback in this name
      if (this.callback) {
        window[this.callback] = callback;
      }

      // make ajax call to fetch remote url.
      Dataset.Xhr(_.extend(this.params, {
        success : this.callback ? this.callback : callback,
        error   : options.error
      }));
    }
  });

  // this XHR code is from @rwldron.
  var _xhrSetup = {
    url       : "",
    data      : "",
    dataType  : "",
    success   : function() {},
    type      : "GET",
    async     : true,
    xhr : function() {
      return global.ActiveXObject ? new global.ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP") : new global.XMLHttpRequest();
    }
  }, rparams = /\?/;

  Dataset.Xhr = function(options) {

    // json|jsonp etc.
    options.dataType = options.dataType && options.dataType.toLowerCase() || null;

    var url = _.isFunction(options.url) ? options.url() : options.url;

    if (options.dataType &&
      (options.dataType === "jsonp" || options.dataType === "script" )) {

        Dataset.Xhr.getJSONP(
          url, 
          options.success,
          options.dataType === "script",
          options.error,
          options.callback
        );

        return;
      }

      var settings = _.extend({}, _xhrSetup, options, { url : url });

      // create new xhr object
      settings.ajax = settings.xhr();

      if (settings.ajax) {
        if (settings.type === "GET" && settings.data) {

          //  append query string
          settings.url += (rparams.test(settings.url) ? "&" : "?") + settings.data;

          //  Garbage collect and reset settings.data
          settings.data = null;
        }

        settings.ajax.open(settings.type, settings.url, settings.async);
        settings.ajax.send(settings.data || null);

        return Dataset.Xhr.httpData(settings);
      }
  };

  Dataset.Xhr.getJSONP = function(url, success, isScript, error, callback) {
    // If this is a script request, ensure that we do not
    // call something that has already been loaded
    if (isScript) {

      var scripts = document.querySelectorAll("script[src=\"" + url + "\"]");

      //  If there are scripts with this url loaded, early return
      if (scripts.length) {

        //  Execute success callback and pass "exists" flag
        if (success) {
          success(true);
        }

        return;
      }
    }

    var head    = document.head ||
    document.getElementsByTagName("head")[0] ||
    document.documentElement,

    script    = document.createElement("script"),
    paramStr  = url.split("?")[ 1 ],
    isFired   = false,
    params    = [],
    parts;

    // Extract params
    if (paramStr && !isScript) {
      params = paramStr.split("&");
    }
    if (params.length) {
      parts = params[params.length - 1].split("=");
    }
    if (!callback) {
      var fallback = _.uniqueId('callback');
      callback = params.length ? (parts[ 1 ] ? parts[ 1 ] : fallback) : fallback;
    }

    if (!paramStr && !isScript) {
      url += "?";
    }

    if ( !paramStr || !/callback/.test(paramStr) ) {
      if (paramStr) { url += '&'; }
      url += "callback=" + callback;
    }

    if (callback && !isScript) {

      // If a callback name already exists
      if (!!window[callback]) {
        callback = callback + (+new Date()) + _.uniqueId();
      }

      //  Define the JSONP success callback globally
      window[callback] = function(data) {
        if (success) {
          success(data);
        }
        isFired = true;
      };

      //  Replace callback param and callback name
      if (parts) { 
        url = url.replace(parts.join("="), parts[0] + "=" + callback);
      }
    }

    script.onload = script.onreadystatechange = function() {
      if (!script.readyState || /loaded|complete/.test(script.readyState)) {

        //  Handling remote script loading callbacks
        if (isScript) {

          //  getScript
          if (success) {
            success();
          }
        }

        //  Executing for JSONP requests
        if (isFired) {

          //  Garbage collect the callback
          try {
            delete window[callback];
          } catch(e) {
            window[callback] = void 0;
          }
          
          //  Garbage collect the script resource
          head.removeChild(script);
        }
      }
    };

    script.onerror = function(e) {
      if (error) {
        error.call(null, e);
      }
    };

    script.src = url;
    head.insertBefore(script, head.firstChild);
    return;
  };

  Dataset.Xhr.httpData = function(settings) {
    var data, json = null, handleResponse;

    handleResponse = function () {
      if (settings.ajax.readyState === 4) {
        try {
          json = JSON.parse(settings.ajax.responseText);
        } catch (e) {
          // suppress
        }

        data = {
          xml : settings.ajax.responseXML,
          text : settings.ajax.responseText,
          json : json
        };

        if (settings.dataType) {
          data = data[settings.dataType];
        }

        // if we got an ok response, call success, otherwise fail.
        if (/(2..)/.test(settings.ajax.status)) {
          settings.success.call(settings.ajax, data);
        } else {
          if (settings.error) {
            settings.error.call(null, settings.ajax.statusText);
          }
        }
      }
    };

    if ( settings.ajax.readyState === 4 ) {
      handleResponse(); // Internet Exploder doesn't bother with readystatechange handlers for cached resources... trigger the handler manually
    } else {
      settings.ajax.onreadystatechange = handleResponse;
    }

    return data;
  };

}(this, _));

(function(global,_){
  
  var Dataset = global.Miso.Dataset;

  /**
  * A remote polling importer that queries a url once every 1000
  * seconds.
  * Parameters:
  *   interval - poll every N milliseconds. Default is 1000.
  *   extract  - a method to pass raw data through before handing back to parser.
  */
  Dataset.Importers.Polling = function(options) {
    options = options || {};
    this.interval = options.interval || 1000;
    this._def = null;

    Dataset.Importers.Remote.apply(this, [options]);
  };

  _.extend(Dataset.Importers.Polling.prototype, Dataset.Importers.Remote.prototype, {
    fetch : function(options) {

      if (this._def === null) {

        this._def = _.Deferred();

        // wrap success with deferred resolution
        this.success_callback = _.bind(function(data) {
          options.success(this.extract(data));
          this._def.resolve(this);
        }, this);

        // wrap error with defered rejection
        this.error_callback = _.bind(function(error) {
          options.error(error);
          this._def.reject(error);
        }, this);
      } 

      // on success, setTimeout another call
      _.when(this._def.promise()).then(function(importer) {
        
        var callback = _.bind(function() {
          this.fetch({
            success : this.success_callback,
            error   : this.error_callback
          });
        }, importer);

        importer._timeout = setTimeout(callback, importer.interval);
        // reset deferred
        importer._def = _.Deferred();
      });

      Dataset.Xhr(_.extend(this.params, {
        success : this.success_callback,
        error : this.error_callback
      }));

      global.imp = this;
    },

    stop : function() {
      if (this._def !== null) {
        this._def.reject();
      }
      if (typeof this._timeout !== "undefined") {
        clearTimeout(this._timeout);
      }
    },

    start : function() {
      if (this._def !== null) {
        this._def = _.Deferred();
        this.fetch();
      }
    }
  });

}(this, _));

(function(global, _) {

  var Dataset = global.Miso.Dataset;
  
  /**
  * Instantiates a new google spreadsheet importer.
  * Parameters
  *   options - Options object. Requires at the very least:
  *     key - the google spreadsheet key
  *     gid - the index of the spreadsheet to be retrieved (1 default)
  *       OR
  *     sheetName - the name of the sheet to fetch ("Sheet1" default)
  *   OR
  *     url - a more complex url (that may include filtering.) In this case
  *           make sure it's returning the feed json data.
  */
  Dataset.Importers.GoogleSpreadsheet = function(options) {
    options = options || {};
    if (options.url) {

      options.url = options.url;

    } else {

      if (_.isUndefined(options.key)) {

        throw new Error("Set options 'key' properties to point to your google document.");
      } else {

        // turning on the "fast" option will use the farser parser
        // that downloads less data but it's flakier (due to google not
        // correctly escaping various strings when returning json.)
        if (options.fast) {
          
          options.url = "https://spreadsheets.google.com/tq?key=" + options.key;
                  
          if (typeof options.sheetName === "undefined") {
            options.sheetName = "Sheet1";
          } 

          options.url += "&sheet=" + options.sheetName;
          this.callback = "misodsgs" + new Date().getTime();
          options.url += "&tqx=version:0.6;responseHandler:" + this.callback;
          options.url += ";reqId:0;out:json&tq&_=1335871249558#";

          delete options.sheetName;
        } else {
          options.url = "https://spreadsheets.google.com/feeds/cells/" + 
          options.key + "/" + 
          options.worksheet + 
          "/public/basic?alt=json-in-script&callback=";
        }
        
        delete options.key;
      }
    }
    

    this.params = {
      type : "GET",
      url : options.url,
      dataType : "jsonp"
    };

    return this;
  };

  _.extend(Dataset.Importers.GoogleSpreadsheet.prototype, Dataset.Importers.Remote.prototype);

}(this, _));

(function(global, _) {

  var Dataset = global.Miso.Dataset;

  /**
  * Base Miso.Parser class.
  */
  Dataset.Parsers = function( options ) {
    this.options = options || {};
  };

  _.extend(Dataset.Parsers.prototype, {

    //this is the main function for the parser,
    //it must return an object with the columns names
    //and the data in columns
    parse : function() {}

  });
}(this, _));

(function(global, _) {

  var Dataset = global.Miso.Dataset;

  /**
  * Strict format parser.
  * Handles basic strict data format.
  * Looks like: {
  *   data : {
  *     columns : [
  *       { name : colName, type : colType, data : [...] }
  *     ]
  *   }
  * }
  */
  Dataset.Parsers.Strict = function( options ) {
    this.options = options || {};
  }; 

  _.extend( Dataset.Parsers.Strict.prototype, Dataset.Parsers.prototype, {

    parse : function( data ) {
      var columnData = {}, columnNames = [];

      _.each(data.columns, function(column) {
        if (columnNames.indexOf(column.name) !== -1) {
          throw new Error("You have more than one column named \"" + column.name + "\"");
        } else {
          columnNames.push( column.name );
          columnData[ column.name ] = column.data;  
        }
      });

      return {
        columns : columnNames,
        data : columnData 
      };
    }

  });

}(this, _));

(function(global, _) {

  var Dataset = global.Miso.Dataset;

  /**
  * Object parser
  * Converts an array of objects to strict format.
  * Each object is a flat json object of properties.
  */
  Dataset.Parsers.Obj = Dataset.Parsers;

  _.extend(Dataset.Parsers.Obj.prototype, Dataset.Parsers.prototype, {

    parse : function( data ) {
      var columns = _.keys(data[0]),
          columnData = {};

      //create the empty arrays
      _.each(columns, function( key ) {
        columnData[ key ] = [];
      });

      // iterate over properties in each row and add them
      // to the appropriate column data.
      _.each(columns, function( col ) {
        _.times(data.length, function( i ) {
          columnData[ col ].push( data[i][col] );
        });
      });
     
      return {
        columns : columns,
        data : columnData 
      };
    }

  });

}(this, _));

// --------- Google Spreadsheet Parser -------
// 

(function(global, _) {

  var Dataset = global.Miso.Dataset;
  /**
  * Google Spreadsheet Parser. 
  * This is utilizing the format that can be obtained using this:
  * http://code.google.com/apis/gdata/samples/spreadsheet_sample.html
  * Used in conjunction with the Google Spreadsheet Importer.
  */
  Dataset.Parsers.GoogleSpreadsheet = function(options) {
    this.fast = options.fast || false;
  };

  _.extend(Dataset.Parsers.GoogleSpreadsheet.prototype, Dataset.Parsers.prototype, {

    parse : function(data) {
      var columns = [],
          columnData = [],  
          keyedData = {},
          i;

      // the fast importer API is not available
      if (typeof data.status !== "undefined" && data.status === "error") {
        throw new Error("You can't use the fast importer for this url. Disable the fast flag");
      }

      if (this.fast) {

        // init column names
        columns = _.pluck(data.table.cols, "label");

        // check that the column names don't have duplicates
        if (_.unique(columns).length < columns.length) {
          var dup = "";
          
          _.inject(columns, function(memo, val) { 
            
            memo[val] = (memo[val] + 1) || 1; 
            if (memo[val] > 1) {
              dup = val;
            }
            return memo; 
          }, {});

          throw new Error("You have more than one column named \"" + dup + "\"");
        }

        // save data
        _.each(data.table.rows, function(row) {
          row = row.c;
          for(i = 0; i < row.length; i++) {
            columnData[i] = columnData[i] || [];
            if (row[i].v === "") {
              columnData[i].push(null);  
            } else {
              columnData[i].push(row[i].v);
            }
          }
        });

        // convert to keyed data.
        _.each(columns, function(colName, index) {
          keyedData[colName] = columnData[index];
        });

      } else {
        var positionRegex = /([A-Z]+)(\d+)/,
            columnPositions = {};

        _.each(data.feed.entry, function(cell) {

          var parts = positionRegex.exec(cell.title.$t),
          column = parts[1],
          position = parseInt(parts[2], 10);

          // this is the first row, thus column names.
          if (position === 1) {

            // if we've already seen this column name, throw an exception
            if (columns.indexOf(cell.content.$t) !== -1) {
              throw new Error("You have more than one column named \"" + cell.content.$t + "\"");
            } else {
              // cache the column position
              columnPositions[column] = columnData.length;

              // we found a new column, so build a new column type.
              columns[columnPositions[column]]    = cell.content.$t;
              columnData[columnPositions[column]] = []; 
            }

          } else {

            // find position: 
            var colpos = columnPositions[column];

            // this is a value for an existing column, so push it.
            columnData[colpos][position-1] = cell.content.$t; 

          }
        }, this);

        _.each(columnData, function(coldata, column) {
          // fill whatever empty spaces we might have in the data due to empty cells
          coldata.length = _.max(_.pluck(columnData, "length"));

          // slice off first space. It was alocated for the column name
          // and we've moved that off.
          coldata.splice(0,1);

          for (var i = 0; i < coldata.length; i++) {
            if (_.isUndefined(coldata[i]) || coldata[i] === "") {
              coldata[i] = null;
            }
          }

          keyedData[columns[column]] = coldata;
        });

      }
      
      return {
        columns : columns,
        data : keyedData
      };
    }

  });
}(this, _));


(function(global, _) {

  var Dataset = global.Miso.Dataset;

  /**
  * Delimited data parser.
  * Handles CSV and other delimited data. 
  * Parameters:
  *   options
  *     delimiter : ","
  */
  Dataset.Parsers.Delimited = function(options) {
    options = options || {};

    this.delimiter = options.delimiter || ",";

    this.skipRows = options.skipRows || 0;

    this.emptyValue = options.emptyValue || null;

    this.__delimiterPatterns = new RegExp(
      (
        // Delimiters.
        "(\\" + this.delimiter + "|\\r?\\n|\\r|^)" +

        // Quoted fields.
        "(?:\"([^\"]*(?:\"\"[^\"]*)*)\"|" +

        // Standard fields.
        "([^\"\\" + this.delimiter + "\\r\\n]*))"
      ),
      "gi"
    );
  };

  // Ie is not aware of trim method...
  if(typeof String.prototype.trim !== 'function') {
    String.prototype.trim = function() {
      return this.replace(/^\s+|\s+$/g, ''); 
    };
  }

  _.extend(Dataset.Parsers.Delimited.prototype, Dataset.Parsers.prototype, {

    parse : function(data) {
      var columns = [],
          columnData = {},
          uniqueSequence = {};
      
      var uniqueId = function(str) {
        if ( !uniqueSequence[str] ) {
          uniqueSequence[str] = 0;
        }
        var id = str + uniqueSequence[str];
        uniqueSequence[str] += 1;
        return id;
      };


      var parseCSV = function(delimiterPattern, strData, strDelimiter, skipRows, emptyValue) {

        // Check to see if the delimiter is defined. If not,
        // then default to comma.
        strDelimiter = (strDelimiter || ",");

        // Create an array to hold our individual pattern
        // matching groups.
        var arrMatches = null;

        // track how many columns we have. Once we reach a new line
        // mark a flag that we're done calculating that.
        var columnCount = 0;
        var columnCountComputed = false;

        // track which column we're on. Start with -1 because we increment it before
        // we actually save the value.
        var columnIndex = -1;

        // track which row we're on
        var rowIndex = 0;

        try {

          // trim any empty lines at the end
          strData = strData//.trim();
            .replace(/\s+$/,"")
            .replace(/^[\r|\n|\s]+[\r|\n]/,"\n");

          // do we have any rows to skip? if so, remove them from the string
          if (skipRows > 0) {
            var rowsSeen = 0,
                charIndex = 0,
                strLen = strData.length;

            while (rowsSeen < skipRows && charIndex < strLen) {
              if (/\n|\r|\r\n/.test(strData.charAt(charIndex))) {
                rowsSeen++;
              } 
              charIndex++;
            }

            strData = strData.slice(charIndex, strLen);
          }

          // Keep looping over the regular expression matches
          // until we can no longer find a match.
          function matchHandler(arrMatches) {
            // Get the delimiter that was found.
            var strMatchedDelimiter = arrMatches[ 1 ];

            // Check to see if the given delimiter has a length
            // (is not the start of string) and if it matches
            // field delimiter. If id does not, then we know
            // that this delimiter is a row delimiter.
            if ( strMatchedDelimiter.length &&
              ( strMatchedDelimiter !== strDelimiter )){

            // we have reached a new row.
            rowIndex++;

            // if we caught less items than we expected, throw an error
            if (columnIndex < columnCount-1) {
              rowIndex--;
              throw new Error("Not enough items in row");
            }

            // We are clearly done computing columns.
            columnCountComputed = true;

            // when we're done with a row, reset the row index to 0
            columnIndex = 0;

          } else {

            // Find the number of columns we're fetching and
            // create placeholders for them.
            if (!columnCountComputed) {
              columnCount++;
            }

            columnIndex++;
          }


          // Now that we have our delimiter out of the way,
          // let's check to see which kind of value we
          // captured (quoted or unquoted).
          var strMatchedValue = null;
          if (arrMatches[ 2 ]){

            // We found a quoted value. When we capture
            // this value, unescape any double quotes.
            strMatchedValue = arrMatches[ 2 ].replace(
              new RegExp( "\"\"", "g" ),
              "\""
            );

          } else {

            // We found a non-quoted value.
            strMatchedValue = arrMatches[ 3 ];
          }


          // Now that we have our value string, let's add
          // it to the data array.

          if (columnCountComputed) {

            if (strMatchedValue === '') {
              strMatchedValue = emptyValue;
            }

            if (typeof columnData[columns[columnIndex]] === "undefined") {
              throw new Error("Too many items in row"); 
            }

            columnData[columns[columnIndex]].push(strMatchedValue);  

          } else {

            var createColumnName = function(start) {
              var newName = uniqueId(start);
              while ( columns.indexOf(newName) !== -1 ) {
                newName = uniqueId(start);
              }
              return newName;
            };

            //No column name? Create one starting with X
            if ( _.isUndefined(strMatchedValue) || strMatchedValue === '' ) {
              strMatchedValue = 'X';
            }

            //Duplicate column name? Create a new one starting with the name
            if (columns.indexOf(strMatchedValue) !== -1) {
              strMatchedValue = createColumnName(strMatchedValue);
            }

            // we are building the column names here
            columns.push(strMatchedValue);
            columnData[strMatchedValue] = [];
          }
          }        

        //missing column header at start
        if ( new RegExp('^' + strDelimiter).test(strData) ) {
          matchHandler(['','',undefined,'']);
        }
        while (arrMatches = delimiterPattern.exec(strData)) {
          matchHandler(arrMatches);
        } // end while
        } catch (e) {
          throw new Error("Error while parsing delimited data on row " + rowIndex + ". Message: " + e.message);
        }

      

        // Return the parsed data.
        return {
          columns : columns,
          data : columnData
        };
      };

      return parseCSV(
        this.__delimiterPatterns, 
        data, 
        this.delimiter,
        this.skipRows,
        this.emptyValue);
    }

  });


}(this, _));

(function(global, _) {

  var Miso = global.Miso || (global.Miso = {});
  var Dataset = Miso.Dataset;

  /**
  * A Miso.Derived dataset is a regular dataset that has been derived
  * through some computation from a parent dataset. It behaves just like 
  * a regular dataset except it also maintains a reference to its parent
  * and the method that computed it.
  * Parameters:
  *   options
  *     parent - the parent dataset
  *     method - the method by which this derived dataset was computed
  * Returns
  *   a derived dataset instance
  */

  Dataset.Derived = function(options) {
    options = options || {};

    Dataset.call(this);
    
    // save parent dataset reference
    this.parent = options.parent;

    // the id column in a derived dataset is always _id
    // since there might not be a 1-1 mapping to each row
    // but could be a 1-* mapping at which point a new id 
    // is needed.
    this.idAttribute = "_id";
    
    // save the method we apply to bins.
    this.method = options.method;

    this._addIdColumn();

    this.addColumn({
      name : "_oids",
      type : "mixed"
    });

    if (this.parent.syncable) {
      _.extend(this, Miso.Events);
      this.syncable = true;
      this.parent.subscribe("change", this._sync, { context : this });  
    }
  };

  // take in dataset's prototype.
  Dataset.Derived.prototype = new Dataset();

  // inherit all of dataset's methods.
  _.extend(Dataset.Derived.prototype, {
    _sync : function() {
      // recompute the function on an event.
      // TODO: would be nice to be more clever about this at some point.
      this.func.call(this.args);
      this.publish("change");
    }
  });


  // add derived methods to dataview (and thus dataset & derived)
  _.extend(Dataset.DataView.prototype, {

    /**
    * moving average
    * Parameters:
    *   column - The column on which to calculate the average
    *   size - The window size to utilize for the moving average
    *   options
    *     method - the method to apply to all values in a window. Mean by default.
    * Returns:
    *   a miso.derived dataset instance
    */
    movingAverage : function(columns, size, options) {
      
      options = options || {};

      var d = new Dataset.Derived({
        parent : this,
        method : options.method || _.mean,
        size : size,
        args : arguments
      });

      // copy over all columns
      this.eachColumn(function(columnName) {
        
        // don't try to compute a moving average on the id column.
        if (columnName === this.idAttribute) {
          throw "You can't compute a moving average on the id column";
        }

        d.addColumn({
          name : columnName, type : this.column(columnName).type, data : []
        });
      }, this);

      // save column positions on new dataset.
      Dataset.Builder.cacheColumns(d);

      // apply with the arguments columns, size, method
      var computeMovingAverage = function() {

        // normalize columns arg - if single string, to array it.
        if (typeof columns === "string") {
          columns = [columns];
        }

        // copy the ids
        this.column(this.idAttribute).data = this.parent
          .column(this.parent.idAttribute)
          .data.slice(size-1, this.parent.length);

        // copy the columns we are NOT combining minus the sliced size.
        this.eachColumn(function(columnName, column) {
          if (columns.indexOf(columnName) === -1 && columnName !== "_oids") {
            // copy data
            column.data = this.parent.column(columnName).data.slice(size-1, this.parent.length);
          } else {
            // compute moving average for each column and set that as the data 
            column.data = _.movingAvg(this.parent.column(columnName).data, size, this.method);
          }
        }, this);

        this.length = this.parent.length - size + 1;
        
        // generate oids for the oid col
        var oidcol = this.column("_oids");
        oidcol.data = [];
        for(var i = 0; i < this.length; i++) {
          oidcol.data.push(this.parent.column(this.parent.idAttribute).data.slice(i, i+size));
        }
        
        Dataset.Builder.cacheRows(this);
        
        return this;
      };

      d.func = _.bind(computeMovingAverage, d);
      return d.func.call(d.args);
    },

    /**
    * Group rows by the column passed and return a column with the
    * counts of the instance of each value in the column passed.
    */
    countBy : function(byColumn, options) {

      options = options || {};
      var d = new Dataset.Derived({
        parent : this,
        method : _.sum,
        args : arguments
      });

      var parentByColumn = this.column(byColumn);
      //add columns
      d.addColumn({
        name : byColumn,
        type : parentByColumn.type
      });

      d.addColumn({ name : 'count', type : 'number' });
      d.addColumn({ name : '_oids', type : 'mixed' });
      Dataset.Builder.cacheColumns(d);

      var names = d.column(byColumn).data, 
          values = d.column('count').data, 
          _oids = d.column('_oids').data,
          _ids = d.column(d.idAttribute).data;

      function findIndex(names, datum, type) {
        var i;
        for(i = 0; i < names.length; i++) {
          if (Dataset.types[type].compare(names[i], datum) === 0) {
            return i;
          }
        }
        return -1;
      }

      this.each(function(row) {
        var index = findIndex(names, row[byColumn], parentByColumn.type);
        if ( index === -1 ) {
          names.push( row[byColumn] );
          _ids.push( _.uniqueId() );
          values.push( 1 );
          _oids.push( [row[this.parent.idAttribute]] );
        } else {
          values[index] += 1;
          _oids[index].push( row[this.parent.idAttribute]); 
        }
      }, d);

      Dataset.Builder.cacheRows(d);
      return d;
    },

    /**
    * group rows by values in a given column
    * Parameters:
    *   byColumn - The column by which rows will be grouped (string)
    *   columns - The columns to be included (string array of column names)
    *   options 
    *     method - function to be applied, default is sum
    *     preprocess - specify a normalization function for the
    *                  byColumn values if you need to group by some kind of 
    *                  derivation of those values that are not just equality based.
    * Returns:
    *   a miso.derived dataset instance
    */
    groupBy : function(byColumn, columns, options) {
      
      options = options || {};

      var d = new Dataset.Derived({

        // save a reference to parent dataset
        parent : this,
        
        // default method is addition
        method : options.method || _.sum,

        // save current arguments
        args : arguments
      });

      if (options && options.preprocess) {
        d.preprocess = options.preprocess;  
      }

      // copy columns we want - just types and names. No data.
      var newCols = _.union([byColumn], columns);
      
      _.each(newCols, function(columnName) {

        this.addColumn({
          name : columnName,
          type : this.parent.column(columnName).type
        });
      }, d);

      // save column positions on new dataset.
      Dataset.Builder.cacheColumns(d);

      // will get called with all the arguments passed to this
      // host function
      var computeGroupBy = function() {

        var self = this;

        // clear row cache if it exists
        Dataset.Builder.clearRowCache(this);

        // a cache of values
        var categoryPositions = {},
            categoryCount     = 0,
            originalByColumn = this.parent.column(byColumn);

        // bin all values by their
        for(var i = 0; i < this.parent.length; i++) {
          var category = null;
          
          // compute category. If a pre-processing function was specified
          // (for binning time for example,) run that first.
          if (this.preprocess) {
            category = this.preprocess(originalByColumn.data[i]);
          } else {
            category = originalByColumn.data[i];  
          }
           
          if (_.isUndefined(categoryPositions[category])) {
              
            // this is a new value, we haven't seen yet so cache
            // its position for lookup of row vals
            categoryPositions[category] = categoryCount;

            // add an empty array to all columns at that position to
            // bin the values
            _.each(columns, function(columnToGroup) {
              var column = this.column(columnToGroup);
              var idCol  = this.column(this.idAttribute);
              column.data[categoryCount] = [];
              idCol.data[categoryCount] = _.uniqueId();
            }, this);

            // add the actual bin number to the right col
            this.column(byColumn).data[categoryCount] = category;

            categoryCount++;
          }

          _.each(columns, function(columnToGroup) {
            
            var column = this.column(columnToGroup),
                binPosition = categoryPositions[category];

            column.data[binPosition].push(this.parent.rowByPosition(i));
          }, this);
        }

        // now iterate over all the bins and combine their
        // values using the supplied method. 
        var oidcol = this._columns[this._columnPositionByName._oids];
        oidcol.data = [];

        _.each(columns, function(colName) {
          var column = this.column(colName);

          _.each(column.data, function(bin, binPos) {
            if (_.isArray(bin)) {
              
              // save the original ids that created this group by?
              oidcol.data[binPos] = oidcol.data[binPos] || [];
              oidcol.data[binPos].push(_.map(bin, function(row) { return row[self.parent.idAttribute]; }));
              oidcol.data[binPos] = _.flatten(oidcol.data[binPos]);

              // compute the final value.
              column.data[binPos] = this.method(_.map(bin, function(row) { return row[colName]; }));
              this.length++;
            }
          }, this);

        }, this);

        Dataset.Builder.cacheRows(this);
        return this;
      };
      
      // bind the recomputation function to the dataset as the context.
      d.func = _.bind(computeGroupBy, d);

      return d.func.call(d.args);
    }
  });

}(this, _));