Zoom Center

By setting zoom.center, you can control the focal point of the zoom behavior on mousewheel. The default zoom.center is null, which sets the focal point to the current mouse position. In this example, the center is instead fixed to the center of the canvas, such that on zoom, the center of the canvas stays fixed.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<style>

.axis {
  fill: none;
  stroke: #aaa;
  stroke-width: 1.5px;
}

</style>
<body>
<script src="//d3js.org/d3.v3.min.js"></script>
<script>

var margin = {top: -5, right: -5, bottom: -5, left: -5},
    width = 960 - margin.left - margin.right,
    height = 500 - margin.top - margin.bottom;

var zoom = d3.behavior.zoom()
    .center([width / 2, height / 2])
    .scaleExtent([1, 10])
    .on("zoom", zoomed);

var svg = d3.select("body").append("svg")
    .attr("width", width + margin.left + margin.right)
    .attr("height", height + margin.top + margin.bottom)
  .append("g")
    .attr("transform", "translate(" + margin.left + "," + margin.right + ")")
    .call(zoom);

var rect = svg.append("rect")
    .attr("width", width)
    .attr("height", height)
    .style("fill", "white")
    .style("pointer-events", "all");

var container = svg.append("g");

container.append("g")
    .attr("class", "axis")
  .selectAll("circle")
    .data(d3.range(10, width, 10))
  .enter().append("circle")
    .attr("cx", width / 2)
    .attr("cy", height / 2)
    .attr("r", function(d) { return d; });

var center = svg.append("circle")
    .style("fill", "red")
    .attr("cx", width / 2)
    .attr("cy", height / 2)
    .attr("r", 10);

function zoomed() {
  container.attr("transform", "translate(" + d3.event.translate + ")scale(" + d3.event.scale + ")");
}

</script>

https://d3js.org/d3.v3.min.js