This example is explained at the post https://geoexamples.com/other/2019/02/08/cog-tutorial.html
The represented data is a temperature interpolation over Catalonia, and the GeoTIFF is very big. But since it has overlays, only a small amount of data is actually retrieved, making the performance high and the used bandwidth small.
https://d3js.org/d3.v4.min.js
https://d3js.org/d3-scale-chromatic.v1.min.js