d3.parcoords = function(config) {
  var __ = {
    data: [],
    dimensions: [],
    dimensionTitles: {},
    types: {},
    brushed: false,
    mode: "default",
    rate: 20,
    width: 600,
    height: 300,
    margin: { top: 24, right: 0, bottom: 12, left: 0 },
    color: "#069",
    composite: "source-over",
    alpha: 0.7,
    bundlingStrength: 0.5,
    bundleDimension: null,
    smoothness: 0.25,
    showControlPoints: false,
    hideAxis : []
  };

  extend(__, config);
var pc = function(selection) {
  selection = pc.selection = d3.select(selection);

  __.width = selection[0][0].clientWidth;
  __.height = selection[0][0].clientHeight;

  // canvas data layers
  ["shadows", "marks", "foreground", "highlight"].forEach(function(layer) {
    canvas[layer] = selection
      .append("canvas")
      .attr("class", layer)[0][0];
    ctx[layer] = canvas[layer].getContext("2d");
  });

  // svg tick and brush layers
  pc.svg = selection
    .append("svg")
      .attr("width", __.width)
      .attr("height", __.height)
    .append("svg:g")
      .attr("transform", "translate(" + __.margin.left + "," + __.margin.top + ")");

  return pc;
};
var events = d3.dispatch.apply(this,["render", "resize", "highlight", "brush", "brushend"].concat(d3.keys(__))),
    w = function() { return __.width - __.margin.right - __.margin.left; },
    h = function() { return __.height - __.margin.top - __.margin.bottom; },
    flags = {
      brushable: false,
      reorderable: false,
      axes: false,
      interactive: false,
      shadows: false,
      debug: false
    },
    xscale = d3.scale.ordinal(),
    yscale = {},
    dragging = {},
    line = d3.svg.line(),
    axis = d3.svg.axis().orient("left").ticks(5),
    g, // groups for axes, brushes
    ctx = {},
    canvas = {},
    clusterCentroids = [];

// side effects for setters
var side_effects = d3.dispatch.apply(this,d3.keys(__))
  .on("composite", function(d) { ctx.foreground.globalCompositeOperation = d.value; })
  .on("alpha", function(d) { ctx.foreground.globalAlpha = d.value; })
  .on("width", function(d) { pc.resize(); })
  .on("height", function(d) { pc.resize(); })
  .on("margin", function(d) { pc.resize(); })
  .on("rate", function(d) { rqueue.rate(d.value); })
  .on("data", function(d) {
    if (flags.shadows){paths(__.data, ctx.shadows);}
  })
  .on("dimensions", function(d) {
    xscale.domain(__.dimensions);
    if (flags.interactive){pc.render().updateAxes();}
  })
  .on("bundleDimension", function(d) {
	  if (!__.dimensions.length) pc.detectDimensions();
	  if (!(__.dimensions[0] in yscale)) pc.autoscale();
	  if (typeof d.value === "number") {
		  if (d.value < __.dimensions.length) {
			  __.bundleDimension = __.dimensions[d.value];
		  } else if (d.value < __.hideAxis.length) {
			  __.bundleDimension = __.hideAxis[d.value];
		  }
	  } else {
		  __.bundleDimension = d.value;
	  }

	  __.clusterCentroids = compute_cluster_centroids(__.bundleDimension);
  })
  .on("hideAxis", function(d) {
	  if (!__.dimensions.length) pc.detectDimensions();
	  pc.dimensions(without(__.dimensions, d.value));
  });

// expose the state of the chart
pc.state = __;
pc.flags = flags;

// create getter/setters
getset(pc, __, events);

// expose events
d3.rebind(pc, events, "on");

// tick formatting
d3.rebind(pc, axis, "ticks", "orient", "tickValues", "tickSubdivide", "tickSize", "tickPadding", "tickFormat");

// getter/setter with event firing
function getset(obj,state,events)  {
  d3.keys(state).forEach(function(key) {
    obj[key] = function(x) {
      if (!arguments.length) {
		return state[key];
	}
      var old = state[key];
      state[key] = x;
      side_effects[key].call(pc,{"value": x, "previous": old});
      events[key].call(pc,{"value": x, "previous": old});
      return obj;
    };
  });
};

function extend(target, source) {
  for (key in source) {
    target[key] = source[key];
  }
  return target;
};

function without(arr, item) {
  return arr.filter(function(elem) { return item.indexOf(elem) === -1; })
};
pc.autoscale = function() {
  // yscale
  var defaultScales = {
    "date": function(k) {
      return d3.time.scale()
        .domain(d3.extent(__.data, function(d) {
          return d[k] ? d[k].getTime() : null;
        }))
        .range([h()+1, 1]);
    },
    "number": function(k) {
      return d3.scale.linear()
        .domain(d3.extent(__.data, function(d) { return +d[k]; }))
        .range([h()+1, 1]);
    },
    "string": function(k) {
      return d3.scale.ordinal()
        .domain(__.data.map(function(p) { return p[k]; }))
        .rangePoints([h()+1, 1]);
    }
  };

  __.dimensions.forEach(function(k) {
    yscale[k] = defaultScales[__.types[k]](k);
  });

  __.hideAxis.forEach(function(k) {
    yscale[k] = defaultScales[__.types[k]](k);
  });

  // hack to remove ordinal dimensions with many values
  pc.dimensions(pc.dimensions().filter(function(p,i) {
    var uniques = yscale[p].domain().length;
    if (__.types[p] == "string" && (uniques > 60 || uniques < 2)) {
      return false;
    }
    return true;
  }));

  // xscale
  xscale.rangePoints([0, w()], 1);

  // canvas sizes
  pc.selection.selectAll("canvas")
      .style("margin-top", __.margin.top + "px")
      .style("margin-left", __.margin.left + "px")
      .attr("width", w()+2)
      .attr("height", h()+2);

  // default styles, needs to be set when canvas width changes
  ctx.foreground.strokeStyle = __.color;
  ctx.foreground.lineWidth = 1.4;
  ctx.foreground.globalCompositeOperation = __.composite;
  ctx.foreground.globalAlpha = __.alpha;
  ctx.highlight.lineWidth = 3;
  ctx.shadows.strokeStyle = "#dadada";

  return this;
};

pc.scale = function(d, domain) {
	yscale[d].domain(domain);

	return this;
};

pc.flip = function(d) {
	//yscale[d].domain().reverse();					// does not work
	yscale[d].domain(yscale[d].domain().reverse()); // works

	return this;
};

pc.commonScale = function(global, type) {
	var t = type || "number";
	if (typeof global === 'undefined') {
		global = true;
	}

	// scales of the same type
	var scales = __.dimensions.concat(__.hideAxis).filter(function(p) {
		return __.types[p] == t;
	});

	if (global) {
		var extent = d3.extent(scales.map(function(p,i) {
				return yscale[p].domain();
			}).reduce(function(a,b) {
				return a.concat(b);
			}));

		scales.forEach(function(d) {
			yscale[d].domain(extent);
		});

	} else {
		scales.forEach(function(k) {
			yscale[k].domain(d3.extent(__.data, function(d) { return +d[k]; }));
		});
	}

	// update centroids
	if (__.bundleDimension !== null) {
		pc.bundleDimension(__.bundleDimension);
	}

	return this;
};pc.detectDimensions = function() {
  pc.types(pc.detectDimensionTypes(__.data));
  pc.dimensions(d3.keys(pc.types()));
  return this;
};

// a better "typeof" from this post: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/7390426/better-way-to-get-type-of-a-javascript-variable
pc.toType = function(v) {
  return ({}).toString.call(v).match(/\s([a-zA-Z]+)/)[1].toLowerCase();
};

// try to coerce to number before returning type
pc.toTypeCoerceNumbers = function(v) {
  if ((parseFloat(v) == v) && (v != null)) {
	return "number";
}
  return pc.toType(v);
};

// attempt to determine types of each dimension based on first row of data
pc.detectDimensionTypes = function(data) {
  var types = {};
  d3.keys(data[0])
    .forEach(function(col) {
      types[col] = pc.toTypeCoerceNumbers(data[0][col]);
    });
  return types;
};
pc.render = function() {
  // try to autodetect dimensions and create scales
  if (!__.dimensions.length) pc.detectDimensions();
  if (!(__.dimensions[0] in yscale)) pc.autoscale();

  pc.render[__.mode]();

  events.render.call(this);
  return this;
};

pc.render['default'] = function() {
  pc.clear('foreground');
  if (__.brushed) {
    __.brushed.forEach(path_foreground);
  } else {
    __.data.forEach(path_foreground);
  }
};

var rqueue = d3.renderQueue(path_foreground)
  .rate(50)
  .clear(function() { pc.clear('foreground'); });

pc.render.queue = function() {
  if (__.brushed) {
    rqueue(__.brushed);
  } else {
    rqueue(__.data);
  }
};
function compute_cluster_centroids(d) {

	var clusterCentroids = d3.map();
	var clusterCounts = d3.map();
	// determine clusterCounts
	__.data.forEach(function(row) {
		var scaled = yscale[d](row[d]);
		if (!clusterCounts.has(scaled)) {
			clusterCounts.set(scaled, 0);
		}
		var count = clusterCounts.get(scaled);
		clusterCounts.set(scaled, count + 1);
	});

	__.data.forEach(function(row) {
		__.dimensions.map(function(p, i) {
			var scaled = yscale[d](row[d]);
			if (!clusterCentroids.has(scaled)) {
				var map = d3.map();
				clusterCentroids.set(scaled, map);
			}
			if (!clusterCentroids.get(scaled).has(p)) {
				clusterCentroids.get(scaled).set(p, 0);
			}
			var value = clusterCentroids.get(scaled).get(p);
			value += yscale[p](row[p]) / clusterCounts.get(scaled);
			clusterCentroids.get(scaled).set(p, value);
		});
	});

	return clusterCentroids;

}

function compute_centroids(row) {
	var centroids = [];

	var p = __.dimensions;
	var cols = p.length;
	var a = 0.5;			// center between axes
	for (var i = 0; i < cols; ++i) {
		// centroids on 'real' axes
		var x = position(p[i]);
		var y = yscale[p[i]](row[p[i]]);
		centroids.push($V([x, y]));

		// centroids on 'virtual' axes
		if (i < cols - 1) {
			var cx = x + a * (position(p[i+1]) - x);
			var cy = y + a * (yscale[p[i+1]](row[p[i+1]]) - y);
			if (__.bundleDimension !== null) {
				var leftCentroid = __.clusterCentroids.get(yscale[__.bundleDimension](row[__.bundleDimension])).get(p[i]);
				var rightCentroid = __.clusterCentroids.get(yscale[__.bundleDimension](row[__.bundleDimension])).get(p[i+1]);
				var centroid = 0.5 * (leftCentroid + rightCentroid);
				cy = centroid + (1 - __.bundlingStrength) * (cy - centroid);
			}
			centroids.push($V([cx, cy]));
		}
	}

	return centroids;
}

function compute_control_points(centroids) {

	var cols = centroids.length;
	var a = __.smoothness;
	var cps = [];

	cps.push(centroids[0]);
	cps.push($V([centroids[0].e(1) + a*2*(centroids[1].e(1)-centroids[0].e(1)), centroids[0].e(2)]));
	for (var col = 1; col < cols - 1; ++col) {
		var mid = centroids[col];
		var left = centroids[col - 1];
		var right = centroids[col + 1];

		var diff = left.subtract(right);
		cps.push(mid.add(diff.x(a)));
		cps.push(mid);
		cps.push(mid.subtract(diff.x(a)));
	}
	cps.push($V([centroids[cols-1].e(1) + a*2*(centroids[cols-2].e(1)-centroids[cols-1].e(1)), centroids[cols-1].e(2)]));
	cps.push(centroids[cols - 1]);

	return cps;

};pc.shadows = function() {
	flags.shadows = true;
	if (__.data.length > 0) {
		paths(__.data, ctx.shadows);
	}
	return this;
};

// draw little dots on the axis line where data intersects
pc.axisDots = function() {
	var ctx = pc.ctx.marks;
	ctx.globalAlpha = d3.min([ 1 / Math.pow(data.length, 1 / 2), 1 ]);
	__.data.forEach(function(d) {
		__.dimensions.map(function(p, i) {
			ctx.fillRect(position(p) - 0.75, yscale[p](d[p]) - 0.75, 1.5, 1.5);
		});
	});
	return this;
};

// draw single cubic bezier curve
function single_curve(d, ctx) {

	var centroids = compute_centroids(d);
	var cps = compute_control_points(centroids);

	ctx.moveTo(cps[0].e(1), cps[0].e(2));
	for (var i = 1; i < cps.length; i += 3) {
		if (__.showControlPoints) {
			for (var j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
				ctx.fillRect(cps[i+j].e(1), cps[i+j].e(2), 2, 2);
			}
		}
		ctx.bezierCurveTo(cps[i].e(1), cps[i].e(2), cps[i+1].e(1), cps[i+1].e(2), cps[i+2].e(1), cps[i+2].e(2));
	}
};

// draw single polyline
function color_path(d, ctx) {
	ctx.strokeStyle = d3.functor(__.color)(d);
	ctx.beginPath();
	if (__.bundleDimension === null || (__.bundlingStrength === 0 && __.smoothness == 0)) {
		single_path(d, ctx);
	} else {
		single_curve(d, ctx);
	}
	ctx.stroke();
};

// draw many polylines of the same color
function paths(data, ctx) {
	ctx.clearRect(-1, -1, w() + 2, h() + 2);
	ctx.beginPath();
	data.forEach(function(d) {
		if (__.bundleDimension === null || (__.bundlingStrength === 0 && __.smoothness == 0)) {
			single_path(d, ctx);
		} else {
			single_curve(d, ctx);
		}
	});
	ctx.stroke();
};

function single_path(d, ctx) {
	__.dimensions.map(function(p, i) {
		if (i == 0) {
			ctx.moveTo(position(p), yscale[p](d[p]));
		} else {
			ctx.lineTo(position(p), yscale[p](d[p]));
		}
	});
}

function path_foreground(d) {
	return color_path(d, ctx.foreground);
};

function path_highlight(d) {
	return color_path(d, ctx.highlight);
};
pc.clear = function(layer) {
  ctx[layer].clearRect(0,0,w()+2,h()+2);
  return this;
};
pc.createAxes = function() {
  if (g) pc.removeAxes();

  // Add a group element for each dimension.
  g = pc.svg.selectAll(".dimension")
      .data(__.dimensions, function(d) { return d; })
    .enter().append("svg:g")
      .attr("class", "dimension")
      .attr("transform", function(d) { return "translate(" + xscale(d) + ")"; });

  // Add an axis and title.
  g.append("svg:g")
      .attr("class", "axis")
      .attr("transform", "translate(0,0)")
      .each(function(d) { d3.select(this).call(axis.scale(yscale[d])); })
    .append("svg:text")
      .attr({
        "text-anchor": "middle",
        "y": 0,
        "transform": "translate(0,-12)",
        "x": 0,
        "class": "label"
      })
      .text(function(d) {
        return d in __.dimensionTitles ? __.dimensionTitles[d] : d;  // dimension display names
      });

  flags.axes= true;
  return this;
};

pc.removeAxes = function() {
  g.remove();
  return this;
};

pc.updateAxes = function() {
  var g_data = pc.svg.selectAll(".dimension")
      .data(__.dimensions, function(d) { return d; });

  g_data.enter().append("svg:g")
      .attr("class", "dimension")
      .attr("transform", function(p) { return "translate(" + position(p) + ")"; })
      .style("opacity", 0)
    .append("svg:g")
      .attr("class", "axis")
      .attr("transform", "translate(0,0)")
      .each(function(d) { d3.select(this).call(axis.scale(yscale[d])); })
    .append("svg:text")
      .attr({
        "text-anchor": "middle",
        "y": 0,
        "transform": "translate(0,-12)",
        "x": 0,
        "class": "label"
      })
      .text(String);

  g_data.exit().remove();

  g = pc.svg.selectAll(".dimension");

  g.transition().duration(1100)
    .attr("transform", function(p) { return "translate(" + position(p) + ")"; })
    .style("opacity", 1);

  pc.svg.selectAll(".axis").transition().duration(1100)
  	.each(function(d) { d3.select(this).call(axis.scale(yscale[d])); });

  if (flags.shadows) paths(__.data, ctx.shadows);
  if (flags.brushable) pc.brushable();
  if (flags.reorderable) pc.reorderable();
  return this;
};

pc.brushable = function() {
  if (!g) pc.createAxes();

  // Add and store a brush for each axis.
  g.append("svg:g")
      .attr("class", "brush")
      .each(function(d) {
        d3.select(this).call(
          yscale[d].brush = d3.svg.brush()
            .y(yscale[d])
            .on("brushstart", function() {
              d3.event.sourceEvent.stopPropagation();
            })
            .on("brush", pc.brush)
            .on("brushend", function() {
              events.brushend.call(pc, __.brushed);
            })
        );
      })
    .selectAll("rect")
      .style("visibility", null)
      .attr("x", -15)
      .attr("width", 30);
  flags.brushable = true;
  return this;
};

pc.brushExtents = function() {
  var extents = {};
  __.dimensions.forEach(function(d) {
    var brush = yscale[d].brush;
    if (!brush.empty()) {
      // https://github.com/mbostock/d3/wiki/SVG-Controls#brush_extent
      // NOTE: According to the documentation, inversion is required *if* the
      //       brush is moved by the user (on mousemove following a mousedown).
      //       However, this gets me the wrong values, so no inversion here.
      //       See issue: mbostock/d3 #1981
      var extent = brush.extent();
      extent.sort(d3.ascending);
      extents[d] = extent;
    }
  });
  return extents;
};

// Jason Davies, http://bl.ocks.org/1341281
pc.reorderable = function() {
  if (!g) pc.createAxes();

  g.style("cursor", "move")
    .call(d3.behavior.drag()
      .on("dragstart", function(d) {
        dragging[d] = this.__origin__ = xscale(d);
      })
      .on("drag", function(d) {
        dragging[d] = Math.min(w(), Math.max(0, this.__origin__ += d3.event.dx));
        __.dimensions.sort(function(a, b) { return position(a) - position(b); });
        xscale.domain(__.dimensions);
        pc.render();
        g.attr("transform", function(d) { return "translate(" + position(d) + ")"; });
      })
      .on("dragend", function(d) {
        delete this.__origin__;
        delete dragging[d];
        d3.select(this).transition().attr("transform", "translate(" + xscale(d) + ")");
        pc.render();
      }));
  flags.reorderable = true;
  return this;
};

// pairs of adjacent dimensions
pc.adjacent_pairs = function(arr) {
  var ret = [];
  for (var i = 0; i < arr.length-1; i++) {
    ret.push([arr[i],arr[i+1]]);
  };
  return ret;
};
pc.interactive = function() {
  flags.interactive = true;
  return this;
};

// Get data within brushes
pc.brush = function() {
  __.brushed = selected();
  events.brush.call(pc,__.brushed);
  pc.render();
};

// expose a few objects
pc.xscale = xscale;
pc.yscale = yscale;
pc.ctx = ctx;
pc.canvas = canvas;
pc.g = function() { return g; };

pc.brushReset = function(dimension) {
  __.brushed = false;
  if (g) {
    g.selectAll('.brush')
      .each(function(d) {
        d3.select(this).call(
          yscale[d].brush.clear()
        );
      });
    pc.render();
  }
  return this;
};

// rescale for height, width and margins
// TODO currently assumes chart is brushable, and destroys old brushes
pc.resize = function() {
  // selection size
  pc.selection.select("svg")
    .attr("width", __.width)
    .attr("height", __.height)
  pc.svg.attr("transform", "translate(" + __.margin.left + "," + __.margin.top + ")");

  // FIXME: the current brush state should pass through
  if (flags.brushable) pc.brushReset();

  // scales
  pc.autoscale();

  // axes, destroys old brushes.
  if (g) pc.createAxes();
  if (flags.shadows) paths(__.data, ctx.shadows);
  if (flags.brushable) pc.brushable();
  if (flags.reorderable) pc.reorderable();

  events.resize.call(this, {width: __.width, height: __.height, margin: __.margin});
  return this;
};

// highlight an array of data
pc.highlight = function(data) {
  pc.clear("highlight");
  d3.select(canvas.foreground).classed("faded", true);
  data.forEach(path_highlight);
  events.highlight.call(this,data);
  return this;
};

// clear highlighting
pc.unhighlight = function(data) {
  pc.clear("highlight");
  d3.select(canvas.foreground).classed("faded", false);
  return this;
};

// calculate 2d intersection of line a->b with line c->d
// points are objects with x and y properties
pc.intersection =  function(a, b, c, d) {
  return {
    x: ((a.x * b.y - a.y * b.x) * (c.x - d.x) - (a.x - b.x) * (c.x * d.y - c.y * d.x)) / ((a.x - b.x) * (c.y - d.y) - (a.y - b.y) * (c.x - d.x)),
    y: ((a.x * b.y - a.y * b.x) * (c.y - d.y) - (a.y - b.y) * (c.x * d.y - c.y * d.x)) / ((a.x - b.x) * (c.y - d.y) - (a.y - b.y) * (c.x - d.x))
  };
};

function is_brushed(p) {
  return !yscale[p].brush.empty();
};

// data within extents
function selected() {
  var actives = __.dimensions.filter(is_brushed),
      extents = actives.map(function(p) { return yscale[p].brush.extent(); });

  // We don't want to return the full data set when there are no axes brushed.
  // Actually, when there are no axes brushed, by definition, no items are
  // selected. So, let's avoid the filtering and just return false.
  if (actives.length === 0) return false;

  // test if within range
  var within = {
    "date": function(d,p,dimension) {
      return extents[dimension][0] <= d[p] && d[p] <= extents[dimension][1]
    },
    "number": function(d,p,dimension) {
      return extents[dimension][0] <= d[p] && d[p] <= extents[dimension][1]
    },
    "string": function(d,p,dimension) {
      return extents[dimension][0] <= yscale[p](d[p]) && yscale[p](d[p]) <= extents[dimension][1]
    }
  };

  return __.data
    .filter(function(d) {
      return actives.every(function(p, dimension) {
        return within[__.types[p]](d,p,dimension);
      });
    });
};

function position(d) {
  var v = dragging[d];
  return v == null ? xscale(d) : v;
}
  pc.toString = function() { return "Parallel Coordinates: " + __.dimensions.length + " dimensions (" + d3.keys(__.data[0]).length + " total) , " + __.data.length + " rows"; };
  
  pc.version = "0.4.0";

  return pc;
};

d3.renderQueue = (function(func) {
  var _queue = [],                  // data to be rendered
      _rate = 10,                   // number of calls per frame
      _clear = function() {},       // clearing function
      _i = 0;                       // current iteration

  var rq = function(data) {
    if (data) rq.data(data);
    rq.invalidate();
    _clear();
    rq.render();
  };

  rq.render = function() {
    _i = 0;
    var valid = true;
    rq.invalidate = function() { valid = false; };

    function doFrame() {
      if (!valid) return true;
      if (_i > _queue.length) return true;
      var chunk = _queue.slice(_i,_i+_rate);
      _i += _rate;
      chunk.map(func);
    }

    d3.timer(doFrame);
  };

  rq.data = function(data) {
    rq.invalidate();
    _queue = data.slice(0);
    return rq;
  };

  rq.rate = function(value) {
    if (!arguments.length) return _rate;
    _rate = value;
    return rq;
  };

  rq.remaining = function() {
    return _queue.length - _i;
  };

  // clear the canvas
  rq.clear = function(func) {
    if (!arguments.length) {
      _clear();
      return rq;
    }
    _clear = func;
    return rq;
  };

  rq.invalidate = function() {};

  return rq;
});