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veltman

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Electoral cartograms

Comparing 2016 presidential election cartograms from FiveThirtyEight, Washington Post, Wall Street Journal, NPR, and Daily Kos.

Uses Polylabel to pick some decent label positions.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="utf-8" />
  <style>
    path {
      stroke-width: 2px;
      stroke: #fff;
    }

text {
      font: 20px Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
      fill: #999;
      font-weight: 500;
    }

g text {
      text-anchor: middle;
      font-size: 10px;
      fill: #444;
    }

.HI, .MI, .NE, .ME {
      stroke: none;
    }

</style>
</head>
<body>
<svg width="960" height="500" xmlns="https://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
  <text x="120" y="500" dy="-0.5em"></text>
</svg>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/d3/4.2.3/d3.min.js"></script>
<script src="polybool.min.js"></script>
<script src="polylabel.min.js"></script>
<script>

var colors = ["#69f0ae", "#ffe082", "#80deea", "#ffab91", "#ce93d8"];

d3.queue()
    .defer(getSVG, "fte.svg")
    .defer(getSVG, "wp.svg")
    .defer(getSVG, "kos.svg")
    .defer(getSVG, "npr.svg")
    .defer(getSVG, "wsj.svg")
    .awaitAll(function(err, cartograms){

if (err) throw err;

var combined = cartograms.reduce(function(byState, cartogram){

cartogram.selectAll("path").each(function(){

var path = d3.select(this),
              state = path.attr("id"),
              shape = parsePath(path.attr("d"));

if (!byState[state]) byState[state] = [];
          byState[state].push(shape);

});

return byState;

}, {});

var shapeSets = d3.entries(combined).map(function(entry, i){
        return {
          state: entry.key,
          centers: getCenters(entry.key, entry.value),
          shapes: getTweenablePairs(entry.value),
          index: 0
        };
      });

shapeSets[0].site = d3.select("text").datum(cartograms.map(function(cartogram){
        return cartogram.select("text").text();
      })).text(function(d){
        return d[0];
      });

var states = d3.select("svg").selectAll("g")
        .data(shapeSets)
        .enter()
        .append("g");

states.each(function(d){

var state = d3.select(this);

d.path = state.append("path")
          .attr("class", d.state);

d.label = state.append("text")
          .attr("dy", "0.25em")
          .text(d.state)
          .attr("x", d.centers[0][0])
          .attr("y", d.centers[0][1]);

morph(state, d);

});

function morph(state, d) {

var fr = d.index % d.shapes.length,
        to = ++d.index % d.shapes.length;

d.path.attr("d", join(d.shapes[fr][0]))
      .attr("fill", colors[fr]);

var t = d3.transition()
      .delay(800)
      .duration(2000);

d.path.transition(t)
      .attr("d", join(d.shapes[fr][1]))
      .attr("fill", colors[to])
      .on("end", function(){
        morph(state, d);
      });

d.label.transition(t)
      .attr("x", d.centers[to][0])
      .attr("y", d.centers[to][1]);

if (d.site) {
      updateSite(d.site, to);
    }

}

function getTweenablePairs(shapes) {

return shapes.map(function(shape, i){
      return matchShapes(shape, shapes[i + 1] || shapes[0]);
    });

}

function matchShapes(a, b) {

a = a.slice(0);
    b = b.slice(0);

if (b.length > 1) {
      a = subdivide(a[0], b);
    } else if (a.length > 1) {
      b = subdivide(b[0], a);
    }

var aligned = a.map(function(ring, i){
      return matchRings(ring, b[i]);
    });

return [
      aligned.map(function(d){ return d[0]; }),
      aligned.map(function(d){ return d[1]; })
    ];

}

function matchRings(a, b) {

a = a.slice(0);
    b = b.slice(0);

if (a.length < b.length) {
      addPoints(a, b.length - a.length);
    } else if (b.length < a.length) {
      addPoints(b, a.length - b.length);
    }

a = wind(a, b);

return [a, b];
  }

function subdivide(ring, vs) {

var bounds = getBounds(ring),
        areas = vs.map(unsignedArea),
        totalArea = d3.sum(areas),
        before = 0;

for (var i = 1; i < ring.length; i++) {
      if (ring[i][0] === ring[0][0] && ring[i][1] === ring[0][1]) {
        return [ring.slice(0, i), ring.slice(i)];
      }
    }

return areas.map(function(area) {

var intersection = PolyBool.intersect(
        { regions: [ ring ], inverted: false },
        { regions: [ clipRect(bounds, before, area / totalArea) ], inverted: false }
      );

intersection.regions.sort(function(a,b){
        return unsignedArea(b) - unsignedArea(a);
      });

if (d3.polygonArea(intersection.regions[0]) > 0) {
        intersection.regions[0].reverse();
      }

before += area / totalArea;

return intersection.regions[0];

}).sort(function(a, b){
      return d3.polygonCentroid(a)[0] - d3.polygonCentroid(b)[0];
    });

}

function addPoints(ring, numPoints) {

var desiredLength = ring.length + numPoints,
        step = d3.polygonLength(ring) / numPoints;

var i = 0,
        cursor = 0,
        insertAt = step / 2;

do {

var a = ring[i],
          b = ring[(i + 1) % ring.length];

var segment = distanceBetween(a, b);

if (insertAt <= cursor + segment) {
        ring.splice(i + 1, 0, pointBetween(a, b, (insertAt - cursor) / segment));
        insertAt += step;
        continue;
      }

cursor += segment;
      i++;

} while (ring.length < desiredLength);

}

function wind(ring, vs) {

var len = ring.length,
        min = Infinity,
        bestOffset,
        sum;

for (var offset = 0, len = ring.length; offset < len; offset++) {

var sum = d3.sum(vs.map(function(p, i){
        var distance = distanceBetween(ring[(offset + i) % len], p);
        return distance * distance;
      }));

if (sum < min) {
        min = sum;
        bestOffset = offset;
      }

}

return ring.slice(bestOffset).concat(ring.slice(0, bestOffset));

}

function clipRect(bounds, start, pct) {

var x0 = bounds.x0 + bounds.dx * start,
        x1 = x0 + bounds.dx * pct;

return [
      [x0, bounds.y0],
      [x0, bounds.y1],
      [x1, bounds.y1],
      [x1, bounds.y0]
    ];

}

function getBounds(ring) {
    var x0 = y0 = Infinity,
        x1 = y1 = -Infinity;

ring.forEach(function(p){
      if (p[0] < x0) x0 = p[0];
      if (p[0] > x1) x1 = p[0];
      if (p[1] < y0) y0 = p[1];
      if (p[1] > y1) y1 = p[1];
    });

return {
      x0: x0,
      x1: x1,
      y0: y0,
      y1: y1,
      dx: x1 - x0,
      dy: y1 - y0
    };

}

function getCenters(state, shapes) {
    return shapes.map(function(shape){

var flattened;

if (shape.length > 1 || (state === "AK" || state === "HI")) {
        flattened = shape.reduce(function(prev, ring){
          return prev.concat(ring);
        }, []);
        return polylabel([d3.polygonHull(flattened)]);
      }

return polylabel(shape);
    });
  }

function parsePath(str) {

return polys;

}

function pointBetween(a, b, pct) {
    return [
      a[0] + (b[0] - a[0]) * pct,
      a[1] + (b[1] - a[1]) * pct
    ];
  }

function distanceBetween(a, b) {
    return Math.sqrt(Math.pow(a[0] - b[0], 2) + Math.pow(a[1] - b[1], 2));
  }

function unsignedArea(d) {
    return Math.abs(d3.polygonArea(d));
  }

function join(rings) {
    return rings.map(function(ring){
      return "M" + ring.join("L") + "Z";
    }).join("");
  }

function updateSite(site, index) {
    site.transition()
      .duration(1800)
      .on("end", function(){
        site.text(function(d){
          return d[index];
        });
      });
  }

function getSVG(url, cb) {
    d3.xml(url)
      .mimeType("image/svg+xml")
      .get(function(err, xml) {
        cb(err, d3.select(xml.documentElement));
      });
  }

</script>

https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/d3/4.2.3/d3.min.js